2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of th

Astronomy①istheoldestscienceknowntoman.Thousandsofyearsagomanlookedatthestarsandwonderedabouttheheavens②.Butmanwaslimitedbythesixplanets③thathecouldseewithhiseyesalone.TheGreeksstudiedastronomyover2,000yearsago.Theycouldseethesize,colour,andbrightness④ofastar.Theycouldseeitsplaceinthesky.Theywatchedthestarsmoveastheseasonschanged.ButtheGreekshadnotoolstohelpthemselvesstudytheheavens.Eachnewtooladdedtothefieldofastronomyhelpedmanreachout⑤intospace.Untilthereweretelescopes,manknewalittleaboutthemoon.HedidnotknowthattheplanetcalledSaturn(土星)hadringsaroundit.Hissightwassolimitedthathecouldnotseealltheplanets.Beforethespectroscope⑥，mandidnotknowwhatkindofgaseswasaroundthesunorotherstars.Withouttheradiotelescope⑦，wedidnotknowthatradio⑧noisescamefromfarinspace.Today,astronomyisagrowingscience.Wehavelearnedmoreinthelastfiftyyearsthaninthewholehistoryofastronomy.[多积词汇]①astronomyn．天文学②heavenn.天空③planetn.行星；星球；地球④brightnessn.亮度；鲜明⑤reachout伸出⑥spectroscopen.分光镜⑦radiotelescopen.射电望远镜⑧radion.无线电广播v.发送；传送[读文清障][原文呈现]HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago①.However,accordingto②awidelyaccepted③theory④，①asithappenedsolongago是as引导的原因状语从句。②accordingto“根据”，后跟名词、代词等，不跟me,us,view,opinion等词。③widelyaccepted广泛接受的④theory/'θɪərɪ/n．学说；理论SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]theuniversebeganwith⑤a“BigBang⑥”thatthrewmatterinalldirections⑦.Afterthat,atoms⑧begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.⑤beginwith(＝startwith)从……开始，起源于⑥BigBang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸⑦inalldirections(＝ineverydirection)朝四面八方⑧atom/'ætəm/n．原子[读文清障][原文呈现]Forseveralbillion⑨yearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust⑩.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe⑪.⑨billion/'bɪlɪən/pron.&n.&adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿⑩acloudofdust一团尘埃acloudof一般用来修饰不可数名词。⑪globe/ɡləʊb/n．球体；地球仪；地球global/'ɡləʊbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的[读文清障][原文呈现]Theearthbecamesoviolent⑫thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot⑬.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimeto⑭producecarbondioxide⑮，⑫violent/'vaɪələnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的⑬it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。⑭intimetodosth./forsth.及时做某事；来得及做某事intime及时；终于⑮carbondioxide二氧化碳carbon/'kɑːbən/n．碳dioxide/daɪ'ɒksaɪd/n．二氧化物[读文清障][原文呈现]⑯nitrogen/'naɪtrədʒən/n．氮⑰watervapour蒸气；水蒸气vapour/'veɪpə/n．水蒸气；蒸气⑱atmosphere/'ætməsfɪə/n．大气层；气氛⑲cooldown凉下来，冷却nitrogen⑯，watervapour⑰andothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere⑱.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown⑲，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.地球上生命的起源[第1～2段译文]没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。然而，根据一种普遍为人们所接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，地球还只是一团尘埃。(随后)它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固态的球体。地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更重要的是，随着地球冷却了下来，地球的表面开始出现了水。[读文清障][原文呈现]WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unlike⑳theearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamental○21tothedevelopmentoflife○22.⑳unlike/ʌn'laɪk/prep.与……不同；不像○21fundamental/ˌfʌndə'mentl/adj.基本的；基础的befundamentalto是……的基础○22Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat...,it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。[读文清障][原文呈现]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwater○23allowedtheearthtodissolve○24harmful○25gasesandacids○26intotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction○27，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.○23thecontinuedpresenceofwater水的长期存在continuedadj.持续不断的presence/'prezns/n．出席；到场；存在○24dissolve/dɪ'zɒlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散○25harmful/'hɑːmfl/adj.有害的beharmfulto对……有害(＝doharmto)○26acid/'æsɪd/n．酸○27achainreaction连锁反应chain/tʃeɪn/n.链子；连锁；锁链inchains戴着镣铐reaction/rɪ'ækʃn/n．反应；回应[读文清障][原文呈现]Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultiplied○28andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen○29，whichencouraged○30thelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfish○31andallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.○28multiply/'mʌltɪplaɪ/vi.&vt.乘；增加○29oxygen/'ɒksɪdʒən/n．氧○30encouragevt.鼓励；激励；促进；激发○31shellfish/'ʃelfɪʃ/n.水生有壳动物[读文清障][原文呈现]Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,○32calledamphibians○33，wereabletoliveonlandaswellas○34inthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptiles○35appearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs○36.○32calledamphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called...作后置定语。○33amphibian/æm'fɪbɪən/n．两栖动物○34aswellas也；还；与……一样好○35reptile/'reptaɪl/n.爬行动物；爬虫○36layeggs下蛋；产卵[读文清障][原文呈现]Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs○37，developed.Theylaideggstooandexisted○38ontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaurs○39ended.○37dinosaurn．恐龙○38exist/ɪg'zɪst/vi.存在；生存○39theageofthedinosaurs恐龙时代[读文清障][原文呈现]Whytheysuddenlydisappeared○40stillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammals○41ontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthto○42youngbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.○40why引导的主语从句。○41theriseofmammals哺乳动物的兴起mammal/'mæml/n．哺乳动物○42givebirthto产生；分娩[第3～4段译文]在其他行星像火星上也出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶