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Period3LearningaboutLanguage选出that/what/whether所引导的从句在主句中充当的成分，及引导词的功能。A.主语；表语B.主语；主语C.主语；宾语1．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________)2．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________)3．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________)④Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(第一个whether引导________从句；第二个whether引导________从句)【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C名词性从句(Ⅱ)一、基础点拨(一)定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。(二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能详细内容见下面的“用法详解”部分。二、用法详解1．连接词that和whether/ifthat引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。whether/if引导主语从句，在主从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。Thatshecouldcometohelpusmadeusveryhappy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。Thatthebigearthquakehadkilledmanypeoplefrightenedpeopleallovertheworld.大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否会来仍是个谜。Itisstillunknownif/whethertheplanwillbecarriedout.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。2．连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等。连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语)最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)不知道谁会去听音乐会。Whichbooktheywillchooseisstillunknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)不知道他们会选哪本书。3．连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等。连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语)我们还没决定何时举行运动会。Howtheywillreachthetopofthehighmountainisstillunderdiscussion.(how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)他们仍在讨论如何到达那座高山的山顶。三、难点突破(一)主语从句与形式主语it1．Itis＋名词词组＋主语从句。It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.很可惜你错过了那场激动人心的足球比赛。2．Itis＋形容词＋主语从句。ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.他是否能够参加詹妮的生日聚会还不确定。注意：在“It＋be＋adj.＋从句”这一结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange/essential等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should＋)do”。如：Itisveryimportantthatastudent(should)learnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。3．Itis＋过去分词＋主语从句。Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)据报道，16人在地震中丧生。在该句型中，过去分词若为advised/ordered/asked等时，从句谓语用“(should＋)do”。Itisorderedthattheyshouldhandintheirdesignsatonce.命令他们马上交上他们的设计方案。4．Itseems/appears/occurstosb/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference…＋主语从句。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句。Itsurprisedhimthattheycametovisithimsuddenly.让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。(二)主语从句中应注意的问题1．从句的语序要用陈述语序。Whatyouneedismorepractice.你需要的是更多的练习。2．从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Whattheyneedislove.他们需要的是关爱。注意：what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。Whattheschoolneedsmucharebooks.这所学校需要的是书。Whattheschoolneedsmuchismoney.这所学校需要的是钱。3．从句的时态一般要取决于主句。Theylosttheirwayintheforestandwhatmadethingsworsewasthatnightbegantofall.他们在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕开始降临。Ⅰ.用合适的词填空1．Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter________youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.2．Itisimmediatelyclear________thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.3．Ithasbeenproved________eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.4．________isobviouslyrightistogiveallchildrenequalopportunitiestodeveloptheirspecialgift.5．________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.6．________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.7．Itisnoneofyourbusiness________otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.8．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.9．________hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.10．________makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.11．Ithasbeenproved________takingexerciseregularlydoesgoodtoone'shealth.12．________burnstheforestshouldbepunished.13．________theflighttoShanghaiwillbedelayedis________I'mespeciallyworriedabout.14．—Mrs.Whitelooksoldforherage.—Yes.Itworrieshermost________herhairisturninggray.15．Itremainstobeseen________thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.【答案】1.whether2.whether3.that4.What5.What6．Whoever7.what8.that9.What10.What11．that12.Whoever13.Whether;what14.that15．whetherⅡ.完成句子1．___________isamiracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。2．___________isstillamystery.他为什么且如何去了美国至今还是个谜。3．___________isknowledge.学生们需要的是知识。4．___________shallbepunisheD．任何一个违反此规章制度的人都要受罚。5．___________Maryshouldhavewonfirstplace.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。【答案】1.Thathesurvivedtheaccident2．HowandwhyhewenttoAmerica3．Whatthestudentsneed4．Whoever/Anyonewhobreakstherule5．Itissurprisingthat