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Unit3UnderstandingeachotherSectionⅡLanguagepoints(Ⅰ)(Welcometotheunit&Reading)语言基础自测Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1．Ihopeyouwon'tbe(冒犯)ifIleaveearly.2．We'vehadtomakesome(调整)toouroriginalcalculations.3．Theyexchanged(问候)andsatdowntolunch.greetingsoffendedadjustments4．Atthe(招待会)，weshowedoursincerewelcometotheforeignexperts.5．Ifyouarenot(习惯于)tosleepingwiththelighton，justturnitoff.6．He，togetherwithhisbride，wouldlikeallofyoutobepresentathis．7．Itsnowedthenight.Thewholetownwascoveredwithsnow.throughoutreceptionaccustomedwedding8．Thesefestivalsareinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.9．Theyusedtosetoffafew，hopingtodriveawayevils.10．Theoldmansittingontheparkbenchlooks．familiarcelebratedfireworksⅡ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。1．vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greetingn．问候；问候语2．vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺3．v．允许，准许n．许可证→permissionn．允许4．vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibitionn．禁止；禁令5．vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节→adjustableadj.可调节的→adjustmentn．调节，调整greetcongratulatepermitprohibitadjust[寻规律、巧记忆]v.＋ion→n.a＋v.→adj.contributionn．贡献devotionn.奉献decorationn.装饰；修饰awakeadj.醒着的aliveadj.活着的asleepadj.醒着的Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1．get/be/becomeaccustomed习惯于2．befamiliar通晓；熟悉3．beamazed对……感到吃惊4．take脱下，除掉；起飞5．besimilar与……相似towithatoffto6．do设法对付过去；没有……也行7．adjust适应8．set燃放9．havetrouble(in)sth.做某事有麻烦/困难10．after毕竟，终究withouttooffdoingallⅣ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1．Studentswillquicklythecollegelife.2．Wecan'tthehelpofyouandyourfamily.3．WhenIsuddenlysteppedintothedarkcave，ittookmeafewminutestothedarkness.adjusttobe/get/becomeaccustomedtodowithout4．Theflightis．Allthepassengersareaskedtofastentheirsafetybelts.5．PeopleallovertheworldUS，FranceandBritainlaunchingstrikesonSyria.areamazedattakingoff[寻规律、巧记忆]take＋adv.→动词短语set＋adv.→动词短语takeaway带走，拿走takedown记下，拆卸takeup占用，担任setout出发setdown放下setup设立1．It'squitefunnywatchingthenewforeignteacherstryingtoadjusttodoingthat.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。[记句式结构]it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。[仿写促落实]________________________himaboutitatthattime.那时候告诉他这件事是没用的。Itwasuselesstelling2．Anotherthingis，ifyoucametoBrunei，youwouldhavetotakeoffyourshoesbeforegoingintosomeone'shouse.还有就是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人的房间之前必须得脱鞋。[记句式结构]if虚拟语气条件句，表示对将来动作的虚拟。[仿写促落实]Ifyourcarknockedintoatree，it．你的车要是撞到树上的话，它就会翻了。wouldturnover3．ButwhatisreallyinterestingisthattherearesometimesgreatculturaldifferencesevenbetweennativeEnglishspeakers.但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语为母语的人们之间有时候也存在着很大的文化差异。[记句式结构]what引导的从句作主语，在从句中，它又作从句的主语。[仿写促落实]______________________wasthatheshouldspeakRussian.最让我感到吃惊的是，他居然会讲俄语。Whatsurprisedmemost4．Well，it'stimeformetogo.好了，我该走了。[记句式结构]“It'stime(forsb.)＋不定式”表示“某人该做……了”。[仿写促落实]________________________________toprotecttheenvironment.该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。It'stimeforustotakemeasures核心要点探究ensurevt.保证，担保，确保(教材P34)Roostersaresupposedtodrivebadspiritsawayfromtheweddingceremony，andhensarethoughttoensuregoodluckforthemarriage.公鸡被认为能够把坏运气从婚礼上赶走，而母鸡则被认为能确保给婚姻带来好运。(1)ensuresb.sth.确保某人某事ensuresb.'sdoingsth.＝ensurethat...确保某人能……ensure...against...保证……不……(2)ensurancen.保证，确保；保障①Thismedicinewillensureyouagoodnight'ssleep.这药将保证你一晚都睡眠良好。②Ican'tensurehis(complete)thetaskontime.＝Ican'tensurethathewillcompletethetaskontime.我不能保证他能按时完成任务。③Thesesafetydevicescanensureminersaccidents.这些安全措施能够保证矿工们不出事故。againstcompleting[名师点津]“确保，保证”表达法聚焦makesure确保，保证assure确保，向……保证ensure确保，保证guarantee确保，保证makecertainof确保seetoitthat...确保……congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺(教材P34)Duringtheceremony，thehenlaidanegg，andeveryonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsideredverylucky.在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一个蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。(1)congratulatesb.on/uponsth.就某事祝贺某人(2)congratulationsn.祝贺，贺词Congratulations!(用以向某人祝贺)祝贺offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.向某人致以祝贺①Icongratulatedthemallontheirresults.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。②Iwillcongratulateyouyoursuccess.我预祝你成功。③Wemusttelephoneour(congratulate)tothehappynewcouple.我们得给那对幸福的新婚夫妇打个电话表示祝贺。congratulationson[名师点津]congratulationn．祝贺，庆祝表示“祝贺；贺词”(含义较具体)时，用复数形式，表示祝贺的原因时用介词on；表示抽象意义的“祝贺”或“贺喜”时，一般为不可数名词。[明辨异同]congratulate/celebrate意义用法congratulate指以向他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。后跟人作宾语，且介词on后跟表示成功、成就、幸运、生日等词。celebrate通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面。后跟表示节日或某件事情的名词作宾语。congratulate/celebrate④WewenttothechurchtoChristmasEve.⑤Letmeyouonwinningthefirstprizeinthewritingcomposition.congratulatecelebrate(教材P34)Anotherdifferenceisthatwhileweservefood，softdrinks，teaandcoffee，alcoholisnotattheweddingreception—infact，alcoholisaltogetherinBrunei.另外一个区别就是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒——事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。prohibitedpermitted(1)permitvt.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证(1)permitsb.sth.允许某人某事permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事permitdoingsth.允许做某事(2)permissionn.允许，许可withone'spermission在某人的许可下withoutpermission未经许可askfor/getone'spermission请求/获得某人的允许①Theteacherdoesn'tpermitsleepinginclass.老师不允许上课睡觉。②Youarenotallowedinwithout(permit)．未经许可，你是不能进去的。③Pleasepermitme(offer)yousomeadvice.请允许我向你提些建议。toofferpermission(2)prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止(1)prohibit(sb.'s)doingsth.禁止(某人)做某事prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事/使某人不可能做某事(2)prohibitionn.禁止；禁令④Thehighcostofequipmentprohibitsmanypeoplefromtakingupthissport.昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。⑤The(prohibit)againstsmokinginschoolyardsisstrictlyenforced.校园内严格执行不准抽烟的禁令。prohibition[名师点津]还有哪些“禁止”adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节(教材P35)It'sq