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Unit3UndertheseaSectionⅣGrammar&Writingv.ing形式的被动式用法第一板块单元语法1．Aswedrewcloser，Icouldseeawhale________________(attack)byapackofaboutsixotherkillers.2._________badly__________(wound)，thewhalesoondied.3．FromJames'sface，Icouldseehewasterrifiedof___________________(abandon)byus.4．Whenweapproachedhim，IsawJames_________firmly________(hold)upinthewaterbyOldTom.beingattackedBeingwoundedbeingabandonedbeingheld动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词ing形式的被动语态有一般时和完成时两种，即beingdone和havingbeendone。动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语和宾语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。考点一结构主动语态被动语态一般时writingbeingwritten完成时havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten考点二意义1．一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork.她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。2．完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。考点三用法1．作主语Beinglaughedatinpublicisaterribleexperience.在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。2．作宾语IforgetoncebeingtakentotheseawhenIwasyoung.我忘了小时候曾被带到海边。注意：(1)表示“需要(want，need，require)”的主语通常是物，用动名词的主动式表示被动时，也可改为不定式的被动式。Thissentenceneedsimproving.＝Thissentenceneedstobeimproved.这个句子需要改善。(2)beworth后常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。Ifathingisworthdoing，itisworthdoingwell.如果一件事情值得做，就值得做好。(3)动名词的被动形式的复合结构当动名词的被动形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在v.ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是v.ing形式逻辑上的主语。I'mverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonouredwithamedal.我很高兴你能荣获一枚奖牌。3．作表语Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity.让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。4．作定语Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。注意：动词ing形式的被动形式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经发生；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动动作。ameetingbeingheldnow现在正在举行的会议ameetingheldyesterday昨天举行的会议ameetingtobeheldtomorrow明天将会举行的会议5．作宾补Heoftenwatchestheboatsbeingunloaded.他常常看到轮船卸货。6．作状语Beingaskedtogiveaperformance，shecouldn'tverywellrefuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，thenaughtyboydisobeyedtheclassrulesagain.尽管被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的男孩还是又一次违反了课堂纪律。[学法点拨]①如果现在分词的动作先于句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生，则用现在分词的完成被动式。Havingbeeninvitedtoattendtheannualconference，hefeltitagreathonour.被邀请参加年会，他感到是极大的荣幸。Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance，howcouldtheclerkletitslipaway?人家给了这个职员这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放弃呢？②如果现在分词所表示的动作有自己独立的逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构。Somuchmoneyhavingbeensetaside，Tomcouldbuyanewcar.已经攒了这么多钱，汤姆能买辆新车了。Thebiographyhavingbeencompleted，itswriterwenttotheseaside.作家写完传记后去了海边。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.___________________________________(witness)toenterthebuildingwhenthemurderoccurred，heisbeingquestionedbythepolicenow.2．Ican'tstand________________(yell)atbyanyone.3.___________________________(urge)tostudyhard，theboyisanxioussometimes.Havingbeenwitnessed/WitnessedbeingyelledHavingbeenurged/Urged4．(2019·江西六校高三第五次联考卷)Thefindingsbuildonpreviouswork，whichlinksbodysmelltothechancesof______________(attack)bymosquitoes.5．Thepoorboyhasnoaccesstoeducation.Heneeds_________________________(help)out.6.______________(leave)aloneathomeiswhathehasbeenlongingfor.7．Whileshopping，wesometimescan'thelp______________(persuade)tobuywhatwedon'treallyneed.beingattackedhelping/tobehelpedBeingleftbeingpersuaded8．Inthetrafficaccident，hisfathercamecloseto__________(kill)．9.____________________(criticise)helpedhimseethingsmoreclearlyandachievehistargetmorequickly.10．Andofcourse，I'llneverforget_______________(elect)tothestudentcouncil.11．Myclockrunsfastersoitneeds______________________(repair)．beingkilledBeingcriticisedbeingelectedrepairing/toberepaired12.______________(lead)bythelocalguide，wewentfurtherintotheforest.13．Withmoreforests___________________(destroy)，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.14._________________________(threaten)bythehighergradepupils，thesmallkidrefusedtogotoschool，whichpuzzledhismomalot.15.________________________(forgive)bythewholeclassforwhathedidwrong，Tonyfinallycheeredup.Beingled/LedbeingdestroyedHavingbeenthreatenedHavingbeenforgivenⅡ.单句改错1．Theboyhatedbeinglaughingatinpublic._______________________2．Thesuggestiondiscussednowsoundsverypractical.________________________3．Theoldmanwasafraidofabandonedbyhisson._________________laughing→laugheddiscussed前加beingof后加being4．Iwasveryangryatnotinvitedtotheirweddingparty.__________________5．Thebridgebeingdesignedbythegirlhasattractedalotofvisitors._____________not后加being去掉beingⅢ.语法与写作1．(2019·山东临沂一中高二下期中卷)I____________________________________________________(憎恨受到像关在笼子中的鸟儿那样的对待)．2．YangMing'sneighbourssaytheywerebeingdrivenmad_______________________________(处于这样的噪音中)．3．Lucywassohappyfor____________________(派往)tothewestasateacherlastmonth.4．Theproblem___________________(正在讨论)isofgreatimportance.likeabirdkeptinacagehatebeingtreatedbeingexposedtosuchnoisehavingbeensentbeingdiscussed5．Theydon'tlikethedesignofthenewbridge_____________(正在建造)．6．Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshopping____________________________(不被认出来)．7．Listeningtomusicathomeisonething.Goingtohearit________________________(现场演奏)isquiteanother.8._________________________________________________(汤姆被一所著名大学录取)madehisparentshappy.beingbuiltwithoutbeingrecognizedbeingperformedliveTom'sbeingadmittedintoafamousuniversity投诉信第二板块单元写作[文体感知]本单元的写作任务是用英语写一封投诉信。