2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Under the sea Section Ⅰ War

Unit3Underthesea[话题导读]IntelligentcreaturesoftheseaMysteryofwhales“Whaleshavethelargestbrainsonearth，brainseverybitascomplexasourown.Theyhavecultureandtheyhavelanguage...Weachetolearnaboutotherformsofintelligentlifeintheuniverse，andyettherearecreaturesasunknownasextraterrestrials(外星人)rightamongus，movinginaslow­motionballetundertheoceans，hiddenfromourview.”—DianeAckerman，TheMoonbyWhaleLightArecentstudyfoundthatdolphinsandwhalesaremoreintelligentthanweoncethought.Dolphinsareuniversallyregardedassomeofthecleverestcreaturesintheworld.Incaptivity(圈养)，theycanbetrainedtocompletecomplextasks，suchasjumpingthroughhoops(铁环)andsomersaulting(翻筋斗)throughtheair.Buttheirintelligencedoesn'tstopthere.Inarecentstudyofcetaceans(鲸目动物)—agroupofanimalsthatincludesdolphinsandwhales,researcherscreatedalistofintelligentbehaviorsobservedin90differentcetaceanspecies，reportedtheGuardian.Forexample，thesmartestcetaceanshuntingroups，shareknowledgethroughmimicry(模仿)andevencareforeachother'schildren.Someevenconsidertheirbehaviortobehuman­like.“Thereisthesayingthat‘ittakesavillagetoraiseachildandthatseemstobetrueforbothwhalesandhumans，”MichaelMuthukrishnaoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics，co­authorofthestudy，toldtheGuardian.However，cetaceansdon'tjustusetheirbrainpowerforsurvival.Thestudysuggeststhatdolphinsmightevengossip.That'sbecausesomespeciesgreeteachotherwithspecificwhistles(口哨)，justashumansgreeteachotherbyname，theGuardianreported.Sometimes，agroupofdolphinswhistlesthe“name”ofadolphinthatisn'tthere.Couldtheybespeakingabouttheir“friend”behinditsback?Fortheresearchers，dolphinsmalltalkisabigdeal.Astheyfoundthatthemostsocialcetaceansalsohavethelargestbrains，theyarguethatcetaceanintelligencedevelopedtomeetthedemandsofcomplexsocialgroups.Knownasthe“culturalbrainhypothesis(假设)”，ithadonlybeenusedtoexplaintheintelligenceofhumansandotherprimates(灵长目动物)．Thenewstudyaimedtofindacommonpathway(途径)fortheevolutionofintelligenceamongbiologicallydifferentspecies.“Itisinterestingtothinkthatwhaleandhumanbrainsaredifferentintheirstructurebuthavebroughtustothesamepatternsinbehavior，”LukeRendell，abiologistattheUniversityofStAndrews，toldtheGuardian.Indeed，westillhavealottolearnaboutourintelligentocean­dwelling(生活在海洋里的)neighbors.“Wedon'thavetolookatotherplanetstolookforaliens，”MuthukrishnatoldtheGuardian，“becauseweknowthatunderwatertherearetheseamazingspecieswithsomanyparallelstousintheircomplexbehaviors.”SectionⅠWarmingUp&Prereading&Reading-Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]OLDTOMTHEKILLERWHALEIwas16whenIbeganworkinJune1902atthewhalingstation.Ihadheardof①thekillersthateveryyearhelpedwhalerscatchhugewhales1.Ithought，attime，thatthiswasjustastory2butthenIwitnessed②itwithmyowneyesmanytimes.OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation，asIwassortingout③myaccommodation④，Iheardaloudnoisecomingfromthebay3.Werandowntotheshore⑤intime⑥toseeanenormousanimalopposite⑦usthrowingitselfoutof⑧thewaterandthencrashing⑨downagain.Itwasblackandwhiteandfish­shaped.ButIknewitwasn'tafish.“That'sOldTom，thekiller4，”oneofthewhalers，George，calledout⑩tome.“He'stellingusthere'sawhaleoutthereforus.”Anotherwhaleryelled⑪out，“Rush­oo...rush­oo.”Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewasabouttobe⑫awhalehunt5.“Comeon⑬，Clancy.Totheboat，”Georgesaidasheranaheadof⑭me6.IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn'tlikebeingkeptwaiting7，soeventhoughIdidn'thavetherightclotheson⑮8，Iracedafterhim.Withoutpausing⑯wejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersandheaded⑰outintothebay.Ilookeddown⑱intothewaterandcouldseeOldTomswimmingbytheboat9，showingustheway10.Afewminuteslater，therewasnoTom，soGeorgestartedbeating⑲thewaterwithhisoar⑳andtherewasTom，circlingbacktotheboat，leadingustothehuntagain11.Usingatelescope○2112wecouldseethatsomethingwashappening.Aswedrewcloser，Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackof○22aboutsixotherkillers.“What'retheydoing？”IaskedGeorge.“Well，it'steamwork○23—thekillersovertherearethrowingthemselvesontopofthewhale'sblow­hole○24tostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersarestoppingitdiving○25orfleeing○26outtosea13，”Georgetoldme，pointingtowardsthehunt14.Andjustatthatmoment，themostextraordinarythinghappened.Thekillersstartedracingbetweenourboatandthewhalejustlikeapackofexciteddogs.Thentheharpoon○27wasreadyandthemaninthebowoftheboataimed○28itatthewhale.Heletitgo○29andtheharpoonhitthespot.Beingbadlywounded15，thewhalesoondied.Withinamomentortwo，itsbodywasdragged○30swiftly○31bythekillersdownintothedepths○32ofthesea.Themenstartedturningtheboataroundtogohome.“What'shappened？”Iasked.“Havewelostthewhale？”“Ohno，”Jackreplied.“We'llreturntomorrowtobringin○33thebody.Itwon'tfloatuptothesurfaceforaround24hours.”“Inthemeantime○34，OldTom，andtheothersarehavingagoodfeed○35onitslips○36andtongue，”addedRed，laughing16.AlthoughOldTomandtheotherkillerswerefierce○37hunters，theyneverharmedorattackedpeople.Infact，theyprotectedthem.TherewasonedaywhenwewereoutinthebayduringahuntandJameswaswashedoff○38theboat17.“Manoverboard○39！Turntheboataround○40！”urged○41George，shoutingloudly18.Theseawasrough○42thatdayanditwasdifficulttohandletheboat.ThewaveswerecarryingJamesfurtherandfurtherawayfrom