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Period3LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.单词拼写1.Hishandtrembledabit,becauseitwashisfirsttimetoshootatat________withagun.2.Thebrokenbasketballn________wasreplacedwithanewonejustbeforethefinalgame.3.Swimmersshouldbeawareofstrong____________(潮水)．4.Themorningexercisetodayisathree－kilometer______(慢跑)．5.It'sgreattogotothe________(海边)andbatheinthesun.【答案】1.target2.net3.tides4.jog5.seasideⅡ.单句语法填空1．Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool，theirlessons________(finish)fortheday.2．Witheverything________(need)gettingreadyfortheparty，shesettleddownwithabook，waitingforhergueststoarrive.3．Theyoungmanhadanarrowescapeyesterdaywhenhiscarhitatreebecauseof________(careful)．4．Thefansgavea__________(vividly)descriptionofthefirstmatchoftheWorldCupasiftheywerefootballers.5．Hissuggestionisworth________(consider)．6．____________(translate)intoChinese，thebookiswidelyreadamongtheyoungpeople.7．Thebuilding________(build)isournewofficebuilding.8．Theroadbends________(sharp)．【答案】1.finished2.needed3.carelessness4.vivid5．considering6.Havingbeentranslated7.beingbuilt8．sharply1.targetn．目标；靶；受批评的对象hit/missthetarget中/脱靶targetsthon/at把……对准；以……为目标/对象meet/achieveatarget达成目标setatarget设定目标on/offtarget准确/不准确命中目标target指射击的靶、军事攻击的目标。引申为被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标。也可作动词，意为“瞄准；以……为目标”goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标选词(target/aim/goal)填空①Theirmostimportant________istocreatesocialvalue.②Thisanti－smokingcampaignismainly__________atyoungteenagers.③He________atthe__________buthitthewall.单句语法填空④Idon'tlikethetelevisionadvertisementstargeted________children.【答案】①goal②aimed③aimed；target④at2.holdup举起；阻挡，耽搁；举出(例子)；支持住；撑起holddown压制；压迫；保住(职位、工作)holdon坚持；抓住；别挂断(电话)holdonto紧紧抓住；守住，保住holdback踌躇；阻止；抑制(情感)holdout维持，支持；坚持，不屈服holdoff推迟指出下列句子中holdup的含义①Sheisholdingupwellunderthepressure._______________________________②She'salwaysholdingupherchildrenasmodelsofgoodbehavior.______________③Anaccidentisholdinguptraffic.____________用适当的介词或副词填空④Ittookthreepolicementohold__________themurderer.⑤Thesurroundedenemytroopscouldn'thold________anylonger.⑥Shejustmanagedtohold____________heranger.⑦Hold____________amomentandIwillgotoyourrescue.⑧Pleasehold____________tothatstamp,foritisquiterarenowadays.【答案】①承受住②举出；提出③阻碍；延迟④down⑤out⑥back⑦on⑧on1.ThankGoditwas;otherwise,Imighthavebeenswallowedinstead!谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。might/mayhavedone表示“可能已经做了某事”，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/mayhavedone还可表示“本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.玛丽以前可能学了一些汉语。needn'thavedonesth本不必做某事(而实际上做了)can'thavedonesth不可能做了某事couldhavedonesth本可以做某事(而实际上未做)musthavedonesth一定做了某事oughtto/shouldhavedonesth本该做某事(而实际上未做)oughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonesth本不该做某事(而实际上做了)完成句子①哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝得太多了。Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He____________toomuchatthepartylastnight.②孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。Thechildren________________lostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.【答案】①musthavedrunk②musthavegot2.Theymaybemanykilometreslongwithplasticballstokeepthemfloatingonthewater,andweightstoholdthemdownontheseabed.他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介语短语withplasticballs…和(with)weights…作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语tokeep…和tohold…作后置定语。(2)句中使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：①keep＋sb/sth＋形容词/副词；②keep＋sb/sth＋介宾短语；③keep＋sb/sth＋现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)；④keep＋sb/sth＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)。Iwastootiredtokeepmyeyesopen.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。完成句子①他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。Hismotherkept________________________for5minutes.单句语法填空②Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues________(amuse)withherstories.【答案】①himstandingoutside②amused动词－ing形式的被动语态动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词－ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即beingdone和havingbeendone。动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语和宾语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。一、意义1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。完成句子①正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。Thatbuilding_____________isourlibrary.②被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去那儿做了演讲。__________________，Mr.Liwenttheretomakeaspeechthoughhewasbusy.③在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。Youcan'teatanythingbefore___________.【答案】①beingrepaired②Havingbeeninvited③beingoperatedon二、功能1.作主语Beinglaughedatinpublicisaterribleexperience.在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。2.作宾语(1)作动词的宾语Iappreciatehavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroad.我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。(2)作介词的宾语Ilookforwardtobeinginvitedtohiswedding.我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。3.作定语Thebridgebeingbuiltwillbefinishednextmonth.正在建的大桥下月将竣工。ameetingbeingheldnow现在正在举行的会议ameetingheldyesterday昨天举行的会议ameetingtobeheldtomorrow明天将举行的会议4.作宾语补足语IheardthissongbeingsunginEnglishthen.那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。5.作状语Beinghitbyacar,hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.因为被车撞了，他昨天没来上学。用所给词的适当形式填空并判断在下列句中作何成分①____________(punish)bytheteachermadeJohndisappointed.____________②Thenewbridge____________(build)isveryimportant.____________③____________(cheat)manytimes,shenowbelievesinnobody.____________④Shecouldnotbear____________(make)funoflikethat.____________⑤—Whydidn'tyougotoseetheplay?—____________(tell)thewholestory,Idecidednottoseeit.____________【答案】①Beingpunished；作主语②beingbuilt；作定语③Havingbeencheated；作状语④beingmade；作宾语⑤Havingbeentold；作状语三、否定形式动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前加not。Hewasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。四、