搜索
Unit3TheworldonlineSectionⅢGrammar——助动词语境自主领悟先观察原句①IamspeakinginfavouroftheInternet.②TherearetwomainpointswhichmustbeincludedwhenweanalysetheInternet.③Withthetouchofabuttonortheclickofamouse，astudentwillfindabundantinformation.④Theseproblemsdonotoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.⑤Tohelpsolvethisproblem，aspecialclinicwasopenedinBeijingin2005.⑥Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout.后自主感悟1.按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为______。2.以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作____。3.例句②中的___和例句⑤中的_____在句中与实义动词include和open一起构成____语态。4.例句①中的____，例句③中的_____和例句⑥中的____在句中与实义动词speak，find和drop一起构成不同的时态。5.例句④中的______在句中与实义动词occur一起构成___形式。助动词谓语bewas被动amwillhaddonot否定语法精要点拨助动词一般本身没有独立的实际意义，不能单独作谓语，通常帮助实义动词并与实义动词一起构成谓语，助动词与实义动词连用，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成陈述句、疑问句和否定句。一、助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be，do，have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词短语(半助动词)beaboutto，bedueto，begoingto，belikelyto，bemeantto，besupposedto，bewillingto，haveto，seemto，beunableto，beunwillingto在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词will，shall，should,would无词义，主要用来构成将来时[即时训练1]用适当的助动词填空①Inthepast，manystudents___notknowtheimportanceofEnglish.②I____notseenhimforalongtime.③Onlythen___sherealizethestresshewasunder.④He____cometomyofficetomorrow.didhavedidwill二、基本助动词的用法1．助动词be的用法(1)“be＋现在分词”构成进行时态。Heisgivingalecture.他在做报告。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。(2)“be＋过去分词”构成被动语态Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。(3)“be＋动词不定式”可表示下列内容：①用现在时表示最近、未来的计划或安排，这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态的表达法。HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.他下周要去纽约。②表示命令。Allthequestionsaretobeansweredatonce.所有的问题都必须立即回答。③征求意见。HowamItoanswerhim?我该怎样答复他？④表示相约、商定。Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。[即时训练2]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn'tknowhe__________(come)untilyesterday.②Sorry，I'mbusyrightnow.I__________(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.③Unlesssomeextramoney________(find)，thetheatrewillclose.wascomingamfillingisfound2．助动词do的用法(1)构成一般疑问句。Doesshegetupearlyinthemorning?她早上起得早吗？(2)do＋not构成否定句。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批。(3)构成否定祈使句。Don'tgooutonsocoldaday.这么冷的天，不要出去。(4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。Idomissyou.我确实想你。/我真想你了。(5)用于倒装句。引导此类倒装句的副词有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so等。NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。(6)用作代动词。－DoyoulikeBeijing?——你喜欢北京吗？－Yes，Ido.——是的，喜欢。Sheworksharderthanhedoes.她学习比他努力。[名师点津](1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)助动词do用于加强语气时，只用于一般现在时、一般过去时以及肯定句中。[即时训练3]完成句子①______understand?你懂吗？②__________intheriver.别在河里游泳。③I___________________toyouyesterday.我昨天的确把书还给你了。DoyouDon'tswimdidreturnthebook3．助动词have的用法(1)“have＋过去分词”构成完成时态。HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。Theteacherhadtaughtusthewordsseveraltimesbeforeheaskedustoreadthem.老师在让我们读这些单词之前已经教了我们好几遍了。(2)“have＋been＋现在分词”构成完成进行时。IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。Helookstiredbecausehehasbeenpaintingthelivingroomallday.他看起来很累，因为他刷了一整天起居室了。(3)“have＋been＋过去分词”构成完成时态的被动语态。Papermoneyhasbeenusedforoverathousandyears.纸币已经被使用一千多年了。[即时训练4]单句语法填空①Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations____________(make)．②Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we____________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.③Bytheendoflastmonth，they____________(finish)halfoftheirwork.havebeenmadehavebeentryinghadfinished二、半助动词的用法半助动词是指在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间、本身具有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有：beableto，beaboutto，bedueto，begoingto，belikelyto，bemeantto，besupposedto，bewillingto，haveto，usedto，seemto，beunableto等。Wewereabouttostartwhenitrained.我们正要出发，这时下雨了。Wehavetobecarefulwhendriving.我们开车时要小心。[即时训练5]写出下列各句中加黑部分的汉语意思①Youarenotsupposedtoparkyourcarhere.______②Heislikelytowinthegame.___________③Myfatherusedtowalktowork.________应该很有可能过去常常三、情态助动词的用法情态助动词包括will/would，shall/should，can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，oughtto，usedto，hadbetter等，后接动词原形。Willyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?请告诉我你的电话号码好吗？ShallItelephonehertotellherthenews?要不要我打电话告诉她这个消息？[即时训练6]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute，I__________(check)itforyou.②Theymadeuptheirmindsthatthey_________(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.willcheckwouldbuy语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He______________________(start)theworkinafewminutes.2．IJustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafe.3．He___cometovisitusyesterdayashehadpromised.4．Ifyoupromisetoreturnitontime，you________(get)one.5．Look!Theraceisabout________(start)．willstart/isstartinghadleftdidwillgettostart6．Manytallbuildings_____________(build)inmytownnextyear.7．_____youliketoanswermyquestion?8．I_________________(wash)clothesallthismorning.9．Whenhewasatcollege，he________(go)totheconcertonceaweek.10．You'resupposed_______(make)anappointmentwiththeeducator.willbebuiltWouldhavebeenwashingwouldgotomakeⅡ.完成句子1．He_____________________whenintrouble.当处于困境时，他没有向别人求助。2．_____________________whenyougoabroad.当你去国外的时候一定要与我们保持通信。didn'tturntoothersDocorrespondwithus3．He__________________________becauseofpoverty.由于贫穷，他很可能会退学。4．Iwonderwhatonearth____________________．我想知道他究竟应该做什么。5．We________________________________，butIhaven'theardfromhimsincehewentabroad.我们过去时常见面，但是自从他出国以后我就没有收到过他的来信。willbelikelytodropoutheissupposedtodousedtos