2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature Section

Canadianscientistshavediscoveredawaytocloneelmtrees,whichfordecades,havefallenvictimto①thedeadlyDutchelmdisease.Itisbelievedthattheirfindingscouldbecomeamodeltopreserve,andsuccessfullygrow,thousandsofendangeredplantsaroundtheglobe.Thestudy,publishedThursdayintheCanadianJournalofForestResearch,isthefirstknownprocedure②thatusestechnologytocopythebudsofmatureAmericanelmtrees.Onescientist,PraveenSaxena,saidthattheresearchattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,Canada,bringsthepossibilityofrestoringAmericanelmtreesalloverNorthAmerica.Americanelmtrees,introducedin1928,wereonceacommonsightalongcitystreetsinAmericanandCanadiancitiesandsuburbs.Uptonow,over95percentofthesetreeshavediedbecauseofDutchelmdisease.AcrosstheAtlanticOcean,theparticulardiseasehaswipedout③mostofthetreesintheUnitedKingdomaswell.However,onein100,000elmtreescarriesanaturalresistance④tothedisease.Saxenaandhisteamobtainedsamples⑤fromsurvivingelmtreesinOntarioanddevelopedgeneticcopiesfrombudsandshoottipswhichwerenotactive.Aftergrowingthosecopiedtrees,thescientistshopetogathergeneticmaterialwithcharactersthatcanresistDutchelmdisease.Inturn⑥theseplantscouldhelpelmbreedingandconservationprogramsaroundtheworld.Thescientistsbenefitedfromabankof17geneticcollectionsfromtreesthathavesurvivedthroughoutOntario.Thetechniquealsoincludedsamplesfroma100­year­oldtreegrowingontheUniversityofGuelphcampus.Withurbanization⑦becomingagrowingprobleminNorthAmericancities,theneedtoconserveendangeredspeciesliketheAmericanelmtreeshasbecomemoreurgent.So,couldancientplantsbenextonthecloningagenda⑧？[多积词汇]①fallvictimto因……受损②proceduren.过程，程序③wipeout彻底消灭；全部摧毁④resistancen.抵抗，抵御⑤samplen.样品，标本⑥inturn转而，反过来⑦urbanizationn.城镇化⑧agendan.议程，议事日程SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]TheperfectcopyScientistshaveannounced①thattheyhavecloned②thefirsthumanembryo③.Thishascausedmuchdebateroundtheworld.Ontheonehand④，somescientistspointout⑤thatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues⑥—suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosave⑦humanlives.Ontheotherhand⑧，manypeople,includingsomescientists⑨，disagreeandareafraidthat,ifmankindtoyswith⑩natureinthisway⑪，wemaybeonourwaytoproducing⑫areal­life⑬Frankenstein'smonster⑭.Cloningisproducinganexact⑮copyofaplantorananimalusing⑯itscells⑰.Thefirstmammal⑱tobeclonedsuccessfully⑲fromanadultcellwasDollythesheep⑳.Shewasbornin1996anddiedinearly2003,atamuchyoungeragethannormal○21.Whenshewasborn,manypeoplewereworriedthatcloningwouldleadto○22morediseasesintheanimalworld.However,ingeneral○23thescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.[读文清障]①announcevt.宣布，宣告，通知announcementn．宣告，通告，通知②clone[kləʊn]vt.克隆n.克隆出来的动物或植物③embryo['embrIəʊ]n．胚胎④ontheonehand一方面⑤pointout指出⑥tissue['tIʃuː]n．(生物的)组织；纸巾⑦beusedtodo...被用来做……⑧ontheotherhand另一方面⑨介词短语includingsomescientists＝somescientistsincluded(n.＋p.p.)。⑩toywith戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏⑪inthisway用这种方式⑫onone's/thewaytodoingsth.意为“某事即将发生”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词(短语)。⑬real­life[ˌriːəl'laIf]adj.真实的，现实生活中的⑭monster['mɒnstə(r)]n．怪物⑮exact[Iɡ'zækt]adj.精确的，准确的exactlyadv.精确地；准确地⑯usingitscells是现在分词短语，在句中作状语。⑰cell[sel]n．细胞；小隔间；电池⑱mammal['mæml]n．哺乳动物⑲thefirst＋n.＋todo...表示“第一个/批做……的人/物”，不定式作后置定语。⑳thesheep作Dolly的同位语。○21normaln．&adj.正常(的)，常规(的)；标准(的)○22leadto导致○23ingeneral一般来说，总体而言完美的复制[第1～2段译文]科学家们宣布他们已经克隆出第一个人类胚胎。这已引起了世界范围内的很多争论。一方面，一些科学家指出如果克隆人类胚胎，你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见，他们担心人类如果用这种方式戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。克隆是用某种植物或动物的细胞制造出一模一样的植物或动物。第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。她于1996年被克隆出来，2003年初死亡，寿命要比普通的羊短很多。当她被克隆出来的时候，许多人担心克隆会导致动物世界中更多的疾病。然而，总体来说，这些科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展获得了人们的赞誉。IanWilmut,theScottish○24scientistwhocreatedDolly○25，isshockedthatsomescientistsarenowconsideringcloninghumanbeings.Althoughheresearchescloning○26，hisintention○27hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.Instead○28，hethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrateon○29creatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer○30.However,somepeoplebelievethatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionof○31destroyingthemshowsnorespectfor○32humanlife.Eventhough○33humancloningiscausingalotofanxiety○34，itisgoodnewsforFayeWilson,a41­year­oldsaleswoman○35whocannothaveababy○36.‘Iamanxious○37tohaveachildofmyown○38，’shesays.‘Idon'twanttoadopt○39someoneelse'schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow○40.’○24Scottish['skɒtIʃ]adj.苏格兰的Scotn．苏格兰人Scotlandn．苏格兰○25who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist。○26although引导让步状语从句。○27intention[In'tenʃn]n．意图，目的；企图○28insteadadv.代替，反而insteadof代替○29concentrateon集中(注意力等)在……上○30that引导定语从句，修饰先行词newtissuesandorgans。○31withtheintentionof带着……的意图；目的是……○32shownorespectfor对……不尊重○33eventhough即使，尽管○34anxiety[æŋ'zaIətI]n．忧虑，焦虑，不安○35saleswoman['seIlzwʊmən]n．女售货员，女推销员○36eventhough引导让步状语从句；a41­year­oldsaleswoman是FayeWilson的同位语，who引导定语从句。○37anxiousadj.渴望的，急切的beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事○38ofone'sown属于某人自己的○39adopt[ə'dɒpt]vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳○40if引导非真实虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的情况。[第3～4段译文]克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特对于有些科学家现在正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。尽管他研究克隆，但是他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。相反，他认为克隆研究应该注重创造用于疾病治疗的新组织和器官，这些新组织和器官能被用来治疗像癌症那样的疾病。但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员费伊·威尔逊来说却是