Unit3ProtectingourselvesSectionⅢWordpower&Grammarandusage核心要点探究1.(教材P38)First_of_all,Danielshouldstay_away_fromfoodcontainingalotofsugar.首先,丹尼尔应该远离那些含大量糖的食物。(1)firstofall第一;首先;最重要(的是)Firstofall,letmeintroducemyselftoyou.首先,让我向你做自我介绍。[明辨异同]firstofall/first/atfirst/firstlyfirstofall意为“第一;首先”,相当于first,常用于句首。first用作副词时,意为“第一;首先”,一般用于说明顺序。atfirst与atthebeginning同义,意为“起初;起先”,主要是对应“后来(later)”而言的,常用于转折并列句的第一个分句前。firstly它只用于列举事实论点常与secondly/thirdly连用。Workmustcomefirst.工作必须放在第一位。Atfirst,hedidn'trealizetheimportanceofstudy.起初,他没有意识到学习的重要性。用first/atfirst/firstly/firstofall填空①________IfoundEnglishdifficult.②Youmustfinishyourwork________.③Itwasveryhot________,butthenitgotcooler.④WhenI________metyou,Ithoughtyouwereafineman.⑤Let'sseewhogetsthere________.⑥“AreyouinterestedinChinese?”“Yes,butIwasn't______.”⑦________brushyourteeth,secondly(second)washyourface.⑧________,youmustanswermyquestion.【答案】①Atfirst②first③atfirst④first⑤first⑥atfirst⑦Firstly/First⑧Firstofall(2)stayawayfrom离开;不靠近;与……保持距离Stayawayfromme.I'vegotabadcold.别靠近我,我患了重感冒。Askthechildrentostayawayfromthefire!让孩子们远离火!stayaway外出;缺席getawayfrom摆脱;从……出发takeawayfrom夺走;抢走keepawayfrom远离……;不让接近;使离开breakawayfrom脱离……runawayfrom突然从……跑开beawayfrom离开(表状态)Herillnesskeptherawayfromworkforseveralweeks.她病得好几周都上不了班。Hebrokeawayfromhisfatherandranintothefields.他摆脱了他爸爸跑进了田地。完成句子我要你离我女儿远远的。⑨Iwantyouto____________mydaughter.【答案】⑨stayawayfrom2.getoutofthehabitof(=kickthehabitof=breakthehabitof)戒掉……的习惯(教材P38)Heshouldalsogetoutofthehabitofhavingsnackslateatnightandkeepawayfromsoftdrinks.他应该改掉晚上很晚还吃零食的习惯,而且应该远离软饮料。Hegotoutofthehabitofsmoking.他戒掉了抽烟的坏习惯。bein/fallinto/getinto/developthehabitof(doing)sth.有/养成(做)某事的习惯have/beinthehabitof有……的习惯outofhabit出于习惯HehasgotintothehabitofturningontheTVassoonashegothome.他习惯了一回家就打开电视。Ionlydoitoutofhabit.我这么做只是出于习惯。完成句子①我早上一到六点就醒,这习惯改不掉了。Ican't__________wakingatsixinthemorning.②我已养成一到家就打开电视机的习惯。I've____________switchingontheTVassoonasIgethome.③不要批评他了,他这么做完全是出于习惯。Don'tscoldhim.Hedidthistotally__________.【答案】①getoutofthehabitof②gotintothehabitof③outofhabit3.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事(教材P38)Heusedtowakeupearlyattheweekendandplayfootball,buthenolongerdoes.他过去常常在周末早起踢足球,但是他现在不这样做了。Weusedtoswiminthisriver.我们过去常常在这条河里游泳。usedtodo的否定形式为didn'tusetodo或usednot(usedn't)todo。usedtodo的反义疑问句形式为didn't...?/usedn't...?beusedtodo/fordoing...被用来做……beusedas...被用作……be/getusedto...习惯于……,to是介词。I'msurprisedtoseeyousmoking;youdidn'tuseto/usednotto.看到你吸烟我很意外,你以前不吸的。Heusedtoexpressthesameidea,didn'the?/usedn'the?他过去常表达同样的想法,难道不是吗?Bamboocanbeusedtobuildhouses.竹子可以被用来造房子。Thispieceofwoodisusedformakinganart.这块木头被用来做一件艺术品。Thisladderisusedasatool.这架梯子被用作工具。Peopleheregetusedtogettingupearly.这里的人们习惯于早起。[明辨异同]usedto/would两者都可表示“过去常常”。usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再做或不再有那种状态。would表示过去的习惯动作,一般不表示状态,现在还有可能如此,也可能不再那样。Thereusedtobeatemplehere.过去这里有一座庙。Hewouldplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.他年轻时经常打篮球。用上述词语的适当形式填空①I____________smoke,butIgaveuptwoyearsago.②I____________gettingupatsixo'clockinthemorning.③Thepowerofflowingwatercan____________produceelectricity.【答案】①usedto②amusedto③beusedto4.beshortfor是……的缩写/简称(教材P39)AidsistheabbreviationofAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome,andHIVisshortforHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus.Aids是“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”的缩写形式,HIV是“人类免疫缺陷病毒”的简称。CallmeJo—it'sshortforJoanna.叫我乔好了——这是乔安娜的简称。TVisshortfortelevision.TV是television的缩写。forshort简称inshort总之;简言之inshortrun从短期来看;眼下inshortsupply不充裕;缺乏;紧缺be/goshortof缺少;不足runshortof缺少;快用完完成句子①简言之,我对一切运动都感兴趣。____________,Iaminterestedinallofthesports.②常用的“pub”一词是“publichouse”的简略形式。Theusualword“pub”____________“publichouse”.【答案】①Inshort②isshortfor5.(教材P39)Thesephraseswould_bedifficultto_use_iftheywerenotabbreviated.如果不缩写的话,这些短语将会很难用。(1)【要点提炼】本句为虚拟语气,在非真实条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoabroad.如果我是你,我就出国。Ifyoudidit,youwouldknowitisinteresting.如果你做此事,你就会知道它是有趣的。完成句子①我要是过了六级考试,就请你去吃肯德基。IfIweretopassCET6,I____________youtodinneratKFC.②我要是有机会的话,我就会好好学习。If____________,Iwouldstudyhard.③我要是早就好好学习的话,那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。IfIhadstudiedhard,I____________CET6lastsemester.【答案】①wouldtreat②Ihadthechance③wouldhavepassed(2)【要点提炼】touse与主语thesephrases之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,相当于itisdifficulttousethesephrases,但bedifficult之后接不定式的主动形式。在此结构中形容词多表示主语性质、特征的形容词,如easy,difficult,hard,dangerous,expensive,heavy,important,possible,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,useful,strange,convenient等。不定式和句子主语是动宾关系,但用主动形式表被动含义。不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(forsb.)。不定式中的动词若是不及物动词,其后要加相应的介词。Thismathproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(不能说tobeworkedout)这个道数学题很难算出结果。Thiskindofjobisveryeasyforthemtodo.这种工作对他们来说是很容易做的。Thechairiscomfortabletositon.椅子坐起来很舒服。Theboxisheavytocarry.这盒子扛起来很重。Somebooksareinterestingtoread,butboringtolearn.有些书读来有趣,但学起来叫人厌烦。④这个问题很难回答。Thequestionisdifficult____________.⑤我觉得这种车很好坐。Ifoundthecarcomfortable____________.⑥那就使得诗很难写。Thatmakespoetrydifficult____________.【答案】④toanswer⑤toridein⑥towrite6.(教材P39)TheabbreviationsofAidsandHIVaredifferentinthatAidsispronouncedasoneword:/eIdz/,whileHIVispronouncedletter_by_letter:/ˌeIt∫aI'viː/.艾滋病和艾滋病病毒的缩写是不同的,因为艾滋病Aids发音成一个单词[eIdz],然而艾滋病病毒HIV是按一个字母一个字母来发音的[ˌeIt∫aI'viː]。(1)while然而;但是(表示对比)Iamwritingwhilehei