2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Life in the future Section

SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作状语语法图解探究发现1.①Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.②Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.③Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth'sgravity.3.①Whenofferedhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It'skindofyou.”②Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegunnothingcanbedonetochangeit.2.①Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.＝BecauseIwashitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.②Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.＝Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,andwasabsorbedbyitsefficiency.[我的发现](1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为关系。(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：①状语；②状语；③伴随情况或方式状语。(3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的从句或并列句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when,once,while,if,unless,asif,as,than,though,although等。被动原因条件状语从属连词＋过去分词一、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1．作时间状语。相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Asked(Whenhewasasked)whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.当被问起发生了什么事时，他低下了头。2．作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句或并列结构。Scolded(Asshewasscolded)bytheteacher,thegirlsattherewithoutliftingherhead.由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低头坐在那儿。3．作条件状语。相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。Givenmoreattention(Ifitwasgivenmoreattention),thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意些的话，火灾本可以避免的。4．作让步状语。相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Left(Althoughshewasleft)aloneathome,Jennydidn'tfeelafraidatall.尽管被独自留在家中，Jenny一点也不害怕。5．作方式、伴随状语。相当于and连接的并列结构。Thepresidentwentintothelobby,accompanied(andhewasaccompanied)bythehighofficialsandreporters.总统在高官和记者的簇拥下走进大厅。[点津]值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)；dressedin(穿着)；tiredof(厌烦)。Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①Ifwecandoas(mention)above,therewillbenodoubtthatwecanmasterEnglish.②Thereisclearevidencethatchildrenwhotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemory(compare)withthosewhohavenomusicaltraining.③When(expose)tostress,inwhateverform,allofusreactbothchemicallyandphysically.④(devote)tohisscienceresearch,hehasenjoyedfameallovertheworld.mentionedcomparedexposedDevoted1－2.句型转换⑤Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.⑥Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.→,thechildrenbegantocry.⑦Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.→,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.⑧Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.→Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,.SeenfromthetopofthehillDeeplymovedbythestoryGivenmoretimefollowedbysomeworkers二、过去分词作状语时在句中的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.在书桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。即时演练2用独立主格结构作状语改写句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.→.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→.③Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→.Thelecturegiven,alivelyquestion­and­answersessionThefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofthemshippedtoforeigncountriesExtramoneygiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappyfollowed四、过去分词与现在分词作状语时的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。[助记]分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用­ing，被动用­ed。Seenfromthetopfloor,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.从顶层看去，花园看起来更漂亮了。Seeingfromthetopfloor,wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.从顶层看，我们能发现花园更漂亮。[点津]无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishhim.()×√√即时演练3单句语法填空①(重庆高考)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,(absorb)inhisvideogames.③(ask)whyhewaslate,hecried.④(hear)thejoke,Icouldn'thelplaughing.tellingabsorbedAskedHearing[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2018·北京高考改编)Ordinarysoap,(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.2．(重庆高考)(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.3．(北京高考)(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.4．(全国高考)Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.usedRaisedOrderedcompared[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Deeply(absorb)inhiswriting,myfatherdidn'tnoticeitwasdark.2．(warn)nottotouchthecomputer,littleTomlookedveryupset.3．(satisfy)withwhathehaddone,theheadteacherpraisedhimbeforethewholeclass.4．Didthe37­year­oldathletetakepartintheOlympicGames(hold)inBrazil?5．(heat)toahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.absorbedWarnedSatisfiedheldHeated6．Willalltheteacherssupportthedecision(make)atyesterday'smeeting?7．(compare)withtheUnitedStates,ourcountryhasalongwaytogo.8．(bear)inthisbeautifultown,hehatestoleaveit.9．(surround)b