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SectionⅢGrammar—现在完成时的被动语态语法图解探究发现①OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.②Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.③Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.④Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.⑤Haven'tyourproblembeensolved?⑥Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinyourschool?[我的发现](1)以上例句中都使用了。(2)以上例句中第①②③句是该时态的句式；第④句是_____句式；第⑤句是句式；第⑥句是句式。现在完成时的被动语态肯定否定一般疑问特殊疑问一、现在完成时的被动语态1．基本概念现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动作，动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系。Thedoorhasalreadybeenlocked.门早已经被锁上了。Ihavebeenemployedatthejobsince2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。2．基本构成现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/havebeendone。Alotofmoneyhasbeenspenttoprotecttheoldtemplebynow.到目前为止已投入了大笔钱来保护这座古庙。Thesetreeshavebeenwateredlately.那些树最近已浇水。3．现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beenone...？NorthernChinahasbeensweptthroughbyastrongcoldwindrecently.最近一股强冷空气横扫中国北方。Thechildrenhavenotbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.孩子们还没有被告知这个好消息。Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？Howlonghasthehousebeenbuilt?这座房子建了多久了？[点津](1)若句子主语为第三人称单数时，助动词要用has。(2)用于现在完成时的时间状语有：sincethen,since＋从句，sofar,bynow,uptonow,recently,lately,already,yet,inthelast/past＋一段时间等。(3)ever,never,already,yet等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态时，放在has或have之后。即时演练11－1.句型转换Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsthreetimes.①studiedbytheexpertsthreetimes？(一般疑问句)②hastheplanbeenstudiedbytheexperts?(就threetimes提问)HastheplanbeenHowmanytimes1－2.完成句子③Hisnovel.他的小说还没有出版。④Ithesportsmeetwillbeputoff.我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。hasnotbeenpublishedhavebeentold二、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题1．现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”)Themachineisbeingrepairednow.(说明动作正在进行)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去)2．非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：工程已开始三个月了。Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.(F)Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.(T)3．现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Tomhassoldoutallthemagazines.→AllthemagazineshavebeensoldoutbyTom.(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。AfterdecoratingtheAmberRoomwithjewels,theartistshavemadeitmoresplendid.→Afterbeingdecoratedwithjewels,theAmberRoomhasbeenmademoresplendid.[点津]带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。Thebosshasmadehiscompanyoffermorechancesforpeopletowork.→Hiscompanyhasbeenmadetooffermorechancesforpeopletowork.(4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It'ssaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。[点津]现在完成时的被动语态的选择技巧(1)分析句式结构，明确句子所要表达的意义。(2)明确句中时间的参考点，确定所需时态。(3)明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系，并明确动作是否能延续。(4)确定正确的时态及语态。即时演练22－1.判断正误①Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought？()②Howlongagowasthisbookbought？()③Thoseoldhomelessmenhavebeenwelllooked.()④Thoseoldhomelessmenhavebeenwelllookedafter.()FTFT2－2.将下列句子变为被动语态⑤Ihavemadeherworkhard.→Shehard.Hismotherhasboughthimacomputer.⑥Heacomputerbyhismother.⑦Acomputerhimbyhismother.hasbeenmadetoworkhasbeenboughthasbeenboughtfor[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(天津高考改编)Thedictionaryisoutofdate:manywords_________________(add)tothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.2．(天津高考改编)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.3．(重庆高考改编)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat__________(cut)．havebeenaddedhasbeenreachedhasbeencut4．(天津高考改编)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations(make)．5．(北京高考改编)Shakespeare'splayHamlet_______________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.havebeenmadehasbeenmade[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They(sell)tenapartmentsinthepastonehour.2．He(buy)apresentwhenshevisitedXinjiang.3．Healready(ask)tohelpyou.4．Thecompany(make)itsworkersworkhardrecently.havesoldwasboughthasbeenaskedhasmade5．Anoticealready(putup)onthewall.6．Sincewerealizedthatweshouldstudyhard,ourtime(make)fulluseof.7．Thesestreets(notsweep)fortwodays.8．Howlong_thebook_(keep)?9．Howlongagothepicture(take)?10．Thesegoods(notship)abroadyet.hasbeenputuphasbeenmadehaven'tbeenswepthasbeenkeptwastakenhaven'tbeenshippedⅡ.完成句子1．Fromwhat(已被讨论过的)above,wecandrawtheconclusionthatparentsareourbestteachers.2．Fortunately,alotofmeasures(已被采取了)todealwiththeproblem.3．Twosuggestions(已被提供)byourclassmates.4．People'shealth(受到了很大的影响)byair,noiseandwater.5．Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomen(没有被完全认识到)．hasbeendiscussedhavebeentakenhavebeenprovidedhasbeengreatlyaffectedhasnotbeencompletelyrealized