搜索
Unit3Backtothepast古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大，版图上辽阔，在哲学、文学、建筑等方面它所创造的古罗马文化，也是全人类巨大的精神财富和世界古典文化中的瑰宝。然而，你知道它是怎样瓦解的吗？Scientificassumption：therealcauseoftheRomanEmpirecollapsingClimatechangecouldhavebeenresponsibleforbringingdowntheRomanEmpire，scientistsbelieve.Researchersstudiedancienttreegrowthringstoshowlinksbetweenclimatechangeandmajoreventsinhumanhistorysuchasmigrations，plaguesandtheriseandfallofempires.Theydiscoveredthatperiodsofwarm，wetweathercoincidedwithperiodsofprosperity，whiledroughtsorvaryingconditionsoccurredattimesofpoliticalupheavalsuchasthedemiseoftheRomanEmpire.Tomatchtheenvironmentalrecordwiththehistoricalone，researcherslookedatmorethan7，200treefossilsfromthepast2，500years.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalScience，said：Theriseandfallofpastcivilizationshavebeenassociatedwithenvironmentalchange，mainlyduetoeffectsonwatersupplyandagriculturalproductivity，humanhealthandcivilconflict.WetandwarmsummersoccurredduringperiodsofRomanandMedievalprosperity.IncreasedclimatevariabilityfromAD250to600coincidedwiththedemiseoftheWesternRomanEmpireandtheturmoiloftheMigrationPeriod.[阅读障碍词]1．assumption假设，假定2．collapse崩溃，瓦解3．migration迁移，移居4．coincidedwith与……相一致5．prosperity繁荣，昌盛6．fossil化石[诱思导读]根据短文内容，回答下列问题1．What'stherealcauseoftheRomanEmpirecollapsingaccordingtoscientists?______________________________________________Climatechange.2．Whyistheriseandfallofempiresassociatedwithenvironmentalchange?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becauseitaffectswatersupplyandagriculturalproductivity，humanhealthandcivilconflict.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ)(Welcometotheunit&Reading)新生词汇初识Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.civilizationA．vt.兴建，创建()2.foundB．vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开()3.pourC．vt.毁坏，摧毁()4.decorateD．vt.装饰，装潢()5.disasterE．n.废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭()6.destroyF．vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)()7.commercialG．n.灾难()8.ruinH．n.文明()9.fleeI．adj.商业的，贸易的()10.remainsJ．n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸[答案]1－5HAFDG6－10CIEBJⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.保护……免受……B.消减C.和……一起D.出故障E.结果F.活埋1．Hetriedtocutdownonsmokingbutfailed.____2．Theycouldnothaveforeseenhowthingswouldturnout.____3．Hewasburiedaliveintheearthquake.____4．Hesenthersomerosestogetherwithaloveletter.____5．Themothertriedtoprotectherbabyfromeverydanger.____6．Themachinebrokedownatthebusytime.____[答案]1－6BEFCAD教材语篇细研LostcivilizationsDay1，15JulyIfeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip.WeareinItalynow，andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.NextweekweareflyingtoChina，andgoingtoLoulan，①whichisknownasChina'sPompeiiinthedesert．BothPompeiiandLoulanbecamelostcivilizationslongago.Day2，16JulyThismorningweattendedalecture(讲座)aboutPompeii.Thecitywasfoundedinthe8thcenturyBC.In89BC，theRomanstookover(夺取)Pompeii.Itthenbecamearichandbusycity.②Nearthecitywasavolcano(火山)．On24AugustAD79，thevolcanoerupted(爆发)andlava，ash(灰烬)androckspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.Itcontinuedtoeruptforthenexttwodays.Manypeoplewereburiedalive，and③sowasthecity．Howunfortunate(不幸的)！失落的文明第一天，7月15日能获得这次旅行的机会我感到幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。第二天，7月16日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市兴建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！[助读讲解]①whichisknownas...是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan。②表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。③sowasthecity是倒装语序，意为“这座城市也如此”。Day3，17JulyTodayIsawtheancientRomancityofPompeii④asitwas2，000yearsago．Howamazing！Thecitywasforgottenformanyyearsuntilthe18thcentury⑤whenafarmerdiscoveredastonewithwritingonit．Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure，⑥whichcausedmuchdamage．Thus，in1860，theareawasputundergovernmentprotection⑦soitcouldbepreservedandstudied.第三天，7月17日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多么令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。[助读讲解]④asitwas2，000yearsago中as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。⑤whenafarmerdiscovered...是定语从句，修饰the18thcentury，when相当于inwhich。⑥whichcausedmuchdamage是非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。⑦soitcouldbepreservedandstudied是目的状语从句。本句中so相当于sothat(为了，以便)。WhenIwalkedaroundthecity，Isawstreetsjust⑧astheyhadbeen，withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemud(泥浆)onrainydays！Isawseveralhouses⑨whichweredecoratedwithwallpaintings．Ialsosawthepeoplewhohadbeenburiedalive.⑩Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity，theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared，leavingemptyspacesintheash.Yearslater，researchers(研究者)wereabletousetheseemptyspacestoproducetruetolifefiguresofthepeoplewhohaddiedinthedisaster.YoucanseethemtodayinPompeii，inthesameplaceswherethepeoplefell.Thevolcanoisstillthere，butlooksveryquietnow.It'shardtoimagine⑪howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity！当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看见了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看见了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在原来他们倒下的同样的位置。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁了整座城市！[助读讲解]⑧astheyhadbeen是方式状语从句。withsteppingstones...是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋介词短语)，作状语，修饰hadbeen。⑨which引导定语从句，修饰houses。⑩that从句为表语从句。在表语从句中after引导时间状语从句。在after引导的时间状语从句中who引导定语从句修饰先行词thepeople。leavin