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SectionⅢGrammar—动词ing形式作主语和宾语语法图解探究发现①Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.⑥Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary'sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.[我的发现](1)以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是；作动词宾语的是；作介词(短语)宾语的是。(2)⑨句中为作主语。(3)⑩句中it作。①⑥⑦⑨⑩⑤②③④⑧动名词的复合结构形式主语一、基本用法动词ing形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下：及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)被动语态主动语态主动语态一般式doingbeingdonegoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavinggoneBeingexposedtothesunforalongtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。Heenjoyswalkinginthefieldinasummermorning.他喜欢在夏日的早晨在田间漫步。[点津](1)非谓语动词的ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。(2)非谓语动词的动词ing形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，需用被动语态；而不及物动词的非谓语形式无被动语态，但可有完成形式。(3)非谓语动词的动词ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。即时演练1写出下列句中的动词ing短语所充当的成分①Playingwithfireisdangerous.②Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow？③Havingfinishedhispaper,hehandedittohistutor.④Whenhewalkedpasttheplayground,hesawsomeboysplayingfootballhappily.主语宾语状语宾语补足语(一)动词ing形式作主语1．动词ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。Laughingoftenwillbenefityoualot.笑口常开好处多多。Havinglivedabroadforalongtimemakeshimhomesick.在国外生活了很久令他想家。[点津]意义不同的两个动词ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式Writingandreadingarehertwohobbies.写文章及读书是她的两个爱好。2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语(1)Itis＋adj.＋doingsth.Itis/feelsfunnydoingsth.做某事(感觉)很滑稽Itisuselessdoingsth.做某事无用It'sworthwhiledoingsth.做某事是值得的(2)Itisawasteof＋n.＋doingsth.It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间(3)Itisno＋n.＋doingsth.It'snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思(4)Therebe＋no＋doing(joking/knowing...)Itisuselessmakingsuchefforts.做这样的努力是没用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsuchwork.做这样的工作是浪费时间。Itisnogoodsayingsuchwords.说这样的话没有好处。Thereisnoknowinghowtheprojectwillbecarriedout.不知道这个工程将如何实施。即时演练22－1.用所给动词的适当形式填空①Itisawasteoftime(try)topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.②isworthwhilereadingsuchawonderfulnovel.③It'snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.④Thereisno(deny)thattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.tryingItcomplainingdenying2－2.完成句子⑤isagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。⑥isthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。ReadingaloudWastingaperson'stime(二)动词ing形式作宾语1．在admit,avoid,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,delay,appreciate等动词之后只能用动词ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。Hefinallyadmittedhavingmadesuchamistake.他终于承认犯了那样的错误。Thelittlegirlpractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.这个小女孩每天练习弹钢琴。2．在动词短语giveup,feellike,putoff,getto(着手),objectto,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,can'thelp(禁不住),can'tbear/stand等之后用动词ing形式作宾语。I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望着收到你的来信。Hedevoteshimselftolookingintothematter.他致力于调查这起事件的真相。[助记]接动词ing作宾语的及物动词(短语)：建议考虑坚持练(suggest,advise,consider,insiston,practise)允许想象弃冒险(permit,allow,imagine,giveup,risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent,resist,deny,escape)不禁介意保持完(can'thelp,mind,keep,finish)耽误推迟求原谅(delay,putoff,require,forgive,excuse)承认错过欣喜欢(admit,miss,appreciate,enjoy)即时演练33－1.用所给动词的适当形式填空①Ioftenpractise(listen)and___________(speak)．②Theboywasluckytoescape______(punish)．listeningspeakingbeingpunished3－2.完成句子③Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingto_____________________.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。④Ihavenever.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。⑤It'squitehottoday.Doyou______________________?今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？giveupsmokingdreamedofvisitingthatplacefeellikegoingforaswim二、动词ing形式作宾语时，需要注意的问题(一)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式又可以用动词ing作宾语1．动词begin,start,continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词ing作宾语，意义基本相同。Theycontinuedreading/toread.他们继续朗读。2．动词love,like,hate,prefer等后可跟动词ing和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。Ihatewalkinginsucharainyday.(习惯)我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。Ihatetotroubleyou.(动作)我真不愿麻烦你。3．一些动词后既可跟动词ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.接着做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来专做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.试图做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记住要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.很遗憾要做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Irememberedlockingthedoor.(记着事情做了)我记着锁门了。Whenyouleavethehouse,pleaseremembertolockthedoor.(记着去做)离开家时，记得锁门。4．在need,want,require,demand,deserve等后用动词ing的主动形式表示被动意义。need/want/require/demand/deservedoing＝need/want/require/demand/deservetobedone。Thecottageneedsrepairing＝Thecottageneedstoberepaired.这所农舍需要修理。Theletterdemandsansweringatonce.＝Theletterdemandstobeansweredatonce.需要立刻回复这封信。即时演练44－1.用所给动词的适当形式填空①Helikesbuthedoesn'tlikethisafternoon.(swim)②Heusuallyprefersstayinginthehousewhenitrains,butthistimeheprefers(go)out.③Imean(change)itforanotherone.④Iremembered________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgot(turn)offthelights.swimmingtoswimtogotochangetolocktoturn4－2.一句多译这位员工值得表扬。(deserve)⑤⑥这个窗户需要清扫了。⑦⑧Theworkerdeservedpraising.Theworkerdeservedtobepraised.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscl