Unit2Whatishappinesstoyou?SectionⅢGrammar——非谓语动词(Ⅱ)语境自主领悟先观察原句1.IunderstandthatyouoftenusetheexampleofthegymnastSangLantoshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.2.InspiredbySangLan'sstory,thestudentsdecidetoworkharderattheirlessons.语境自主领悟先观察原句3.Turningtotheleftatthecrossroads,youwillseetherailwaystationonyourright.4.Havingmadeourplan,we'llputitintopractice.5.Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtomeforhelp.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.1句中不定式作状语。2.2句中过去分词短语作状语;3句中现在分词短语作状语。3.4句中现在分词作条件状语;5句中现在分词的形式作原因状语。目的原因条件完成式否定语法精要点拨一、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)目的状语:todo,inordertodo和soastodo,其中soastodo不能用于句首。Weeattoliveratherthanlivetoeat.我们吃饭是为了活着,而不是活着为了吃饭。Inordertofindhardevidence,hesearchedthewholehouse.为了找到有力的证据,他搜查了整个房子。[即时训练1]完成句子①他悄悄地进来,以免把他的妻子吵醒。Hecameinquietly_____________________________hiswife.②为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。___________________________beforedark,westartedearly.Inordertoarrive/Toarrivesoasnotto/inordernottowake(2)原因状语:跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词后面,如:glad,surprised,amazed,delighted等。Weweresurprisedtofindeverythingchanged.发现一切都变了,我们很惊讶。(3)结果状语:表示出人意料的结果,不定式前有逗号和副词only;也可以用于too...to...“太……而不能……”,...enoughto...“足够……”和so/such...asto...“如此……以至于……”句型中。IhurriedtoProfessorWang'shouse,onlytofindhewasout.我匆忙赶到王教授的家,可是却发现他出去了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.他累得走不动了。[名师点津]动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后面作状语时,常用主动形式表示被动含义,常见的此类形容词有easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,interesting,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,fit等,该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。Thepoemisnoteasytotranslate.这首诗难翻译。Themusicispleasanttolistento.这音乐听起来悦耳。[即时训练2]单句改错①Hewastooexcitedtonotsayafewwords.②Hisspeechwaseasyunderstand.③Hetriedhisbesttoprepareforthecontest,onlybetolditwascancelled.去掉notunderstand前加toonly后加to2.分词作状语(1)原因状语:分词用作原因状语,通常可转换成原因状语从句。Gettinguplate(=Ashegotuplate),hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了,他没有赶上早班火车。Greatlyencouraged(=Asweweregreatlyencouraged),wemadeupourmindtocarryonthehardwork.由于受到极大鼓舞,我们决心将艰苦的工作继续下去。[即时训练3]句型转换①Heaskedtheteacherforhelp,becausehedidn'tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem.→thedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.②Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.→hehasmade,heworksharder.NotknowinghowtoworkoutEncouragedbytheprogress(2)时间状语:分词用作时间状语,通常可转换成时间状语从句。Hearingthegoodnews(=Whenheheardthegoodnews),hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息,他高兴地跳了起来。Seenfromthehill(=Whenitisseenfromthehill),theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看,这个公园非常漂亮。[即时训练4]句型转换①Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.→theirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.②Whenhewasaskedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.→whenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.AskedWhentheyheard(3)伴随状语或方式状语:分词用作伴随状语,通常可转换成并列谓语,它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近,有时可以转换成bydoingsth.结构。Tomlayonthegrass,staringatthesky(=andstaredatthesky)foralongtime.汤姆躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck(=bydrivingatruck).他靠开卡车谋生活。Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards(=andhewasfollowedbytwoguards).他快步走向大厅,身后跟着两个卫兵。[即时训练5]用所给动词的适当形式填空①(湖南高考改编)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,(stare)atthenightsky.②(重庆高考改编)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(4)条件状语:分词用作条件状语通常可转换成条件状语从句。tellingstaringWorkinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),youwillsucceed.努力工作,你就会成功。Seeninthedistance(=Ifitisseeninthedistance),thevillagelooksmorebeautiful.从远处看,这个村庄看上去更漂亮。[即时训练6]句型转换①Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.→,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.②United,wewillstand;divided,wewillfall.→,wewillstand;ifwearedivided,wewillfall.IfweareunitedTurningtotheleft(5)结果状语:分词用作结果状语时,通常可转换成并列谓语,它表示伴随谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果。Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable(=andleftnothingvaluable).大火持续了一周,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。[名师点津]不定式和现在分词均可表示结果,但有区别:不定式表示结果,其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后,常表示未曾料到的结果或令人不快的结果,不定式前常加only;现在分词表示结果,是伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果。[即时训练7]完成句子①他匆忙赶到那间屋子里,发现已经空无一人。Hehurriedtothehouse,thatitwasempty.②他死了,留下了他的妻子和五个孩子。Hedied,.leavinghiswifewithfivechildrenonlytofind(6)让步状语:分词用作让步状语,通常可转换成让步状语从句。Althoughlivingmilesaway(=Althoughhelivedmilesaway),heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课。Defeated(Althoughhewasdefeated)again,thescientistdidn'tgiveup.尽管再次被打败了,但这位科学家并没有放弃。[名师点津]现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间是主动关系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。[即时训练8]句型转换①Althoughthestoneweighedalmostonehundredjin,itwasmovedbyhimalone.→almostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.②Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofstorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.→storm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.WarnedofWeighing3.“连词+分词”结构动词ing或动词ed可用在when,while,once,if和though/although等的后面,构成“连词+分词”结构,该结构可看作是状语从句的省略形式。Whenwaitingforthebus,hesawanoldfriend.在等公交车时,他遇见了一位老朋友。Oncecaught,peoplewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.一旦被抓,破坏法律的人就会受到惩罚。Ifcomparedwiththatmovie,thisoneismoreinteresting.和那部电影比起来,这部更有趣。[即时训练9]句型转换①Ifrepairedwell,thewashingmachinecouldbeusedagain.→well,thewashingmachinecouldbeusedagain.Ifitwasrepaired②WhileIwasreadingthearticle,IwasthinkingofhowIwouldwritethestory.→,I