课前语法感知Ⅰ.教材语法感知教材原句①NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.②FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.③ItpassesthroughGreenwich,soPingyuhadaphototakenstandingoneithersideoftheline.探究发现(1)例句中的过去分词(短语)在句中作。(2)在某类动词后常跟过去分词作宾补,包括;(think,consider,find等),如:例句①中的find;,如:例句②③中的get,have。宾语补足语感官动词表示心理状态的动词使役动词Ⅱ.真题语法感知1.(2017·浙江高考)Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsall________(excite)andmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.答案:excited本句中get为系动词,意为“使变得”,在句中构成“getsb.done”的结构,过去分词作宾语补足语。答案2.(2015·浙江高考)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit________(perform)liveisquiteanother.答案:beingperformed分析句子结构可知,perform在此句中作hear的宾语补足语,与宾语it之间存在被动关系,且强调动作正在进行。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,听现场演奏是另外一回事。答案3.(2015·陕西高考)BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.答案:taken分析句子结构可知,hismother与takegoodcareof之间构成被动关系,即前者是后者所表示行为的承受者,因此用take的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。句意:结束在非洲的两年医疗服务后回到家里,李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。答案4.(2014·四川高考改编)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts__________(develop)aftergreateffort.答案:developed句子结构表明空格处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语manynewproducts与develop之间存在被动关系且表示动作的完成,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:经理看到很多新产品在历经艰辛后被研发出来,倍感满意。答案5.(2014·江西高考改编)Inhisblackandbluesuitandwithanoxygentank________(fasten)onhisback,Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.答案:fastened本句中含有“with+宾语+宾补”的结构,anoxygentank与fasten之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。答案课堂合作探究过去分词可以在一个作宾语的名词(或代词)的后面与其构成复合宾语。此时,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着被动关系。即前面的名词(或代词)是后面的分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者,并且该动作已完成。一、过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1.在表示状态的动词keep,leave等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.大部分的菜客人们动都没动,因为它们不可口。2.使役动词get,have,make后用过去分词作宾语补足语。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了声音以便被别人听到。名师点津“have/get+宾语+过去分词”的几种含义:(1)使役结构,表示主语让别人做某事。Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。2表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事情。MrSmithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.,在史密斯先生外出度假期间,他家被盗了。3表示普通的被动含义,意为“使得”。Hehasgotonethousandyuansavedthisyear.,他今年已经存了1,000元了。)3.感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel后可跟过去分词作宾语补足语。Hesuddenlynoticedhimselffollowedbyastranger.他忽然注意到自己被一个陌生人跟踪了。4.在表示心理状态的动词后用过去分词作宾补,如think,consider,find等。WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.当我打开门时,我发现地面已被落叶掩盖。5.表示“希望,要求,命令等”的动词want,wish,like,expect,order后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。Everyonewishesthemattersettledassoonaspossible.人人都希望立刻解决这个问题。6.过去分词在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”中作宾补时,宾语和宾语补足语之间存在被动关系,整个结构在句中作状语,表示伴随、原因、方式、时间、条件等。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.(表示方式)那个贼被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.(表示原因)约翰收到了一份宴请函。工作都完成了,他欣然接受了邀请。名师点津“with+复合宾语”的结构中,非谓语动词的其他形式:withsb./sth.doing表主动且进行,或表特征sth.beingdone表被动且进行sth.done表被动且完成,或表状态sth.todo表示动作尚未完成或发生Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.缺两个门牙的一个小男孩跑进了那座房子。Withtheproblemsettled,hecouldfinallyhaveagoodsleep.问题得以解决,他终于可以好好睡一觉了。Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.因为有很多难题要解决,所以这位新任总统的日子不好过。【即景活用1】单句写作①SuddenlyIfelt________________(自己被欺骗了).②Heraisedhisvoicetomake________________(被人家听到).③With________________(每件事被精心安排后),theyleftthecompany.答案:①myselfcheated②himselfheard③everythingwellarranged答案二、过去分词、现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.过去分词作宾语补足语强调被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成。Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.我看见她被人从教室带了出去。(her与take存在被动关系,且“带出去”这一动作已经完成)2.现在分词作宾语补足语强调主动(宾语是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行。Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.我看见她正进入教室。(her与come存在逻辑上的主谓关系,含有主动意义,且“进入”这一动作正在发生)3.不定式作宾语补足语强调动作发生的全过程,不定式符号to常省去,或者表示动作还未发生。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.我看见她进入教室了。(强调“进入”这一动作发生的全过程)Withlotsofworktodealwith,theywillhaveabusydaytoday.由于有很多的工作要处理,今天他们会很忙。(强调动作还未发生)名师点津通常过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语,不应再在分词前添加be动词的某种形式,但是有时也会出现这种情况,即当过去分词所表示的动作正在被执行、正在发生时,则要用beingdone的形式。Wecanhearthewindowsknockedbytheheavyraindrops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。Withtheirnewflatbeingdecorated,theywouldhavetoliveintheirparents'houseforseveralnights.因为他们的新公寓正在装修,他们只得在父母家暂住几晚。【即景活用2】单句语法填空①Clairehadherluggage________(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.②Ilookedupandnoticedasnake________(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.③Withalotofhomework________(do),Tomcan'tgotothecinemawithhisparents.④Johnrushedoutinahurry,______(leave)thedoor________(unlock).答案:①checked②winding③todo④leaving;unlocked答案课后演练提能[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.TonyhopesthathisChineseteacherwillsuggestagoodwaytohavehisChinese________(improve)inashortperiodoftime.答案:improved答案2.Withthebridge________(build),thetwovillagesareconnectednow.答案:built答案3.Lydia,Ifinallyhadsomepicturesfromthecampingtrip________(print)andbroughtthemtoyousinceyoulostyourcameraonthetrip.答案:printed答案4.Hetriedtogethiswork________(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.答案:recognized答案5.Thelittlegirlwouldlikeapiano________(buy)asherbirthdaypresent.答案:bought答案Ⅱ.单句改错1.I'mverybusynow,soI'dliketohavemychildtaketoschool.______________________________________________________________答案:take→taken答案2.Withmanyflowersplantingaroundthebuilding,itlookslikeabeautifulgarden.________