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Unit2RobotsSectionⅣGrammar&Writing复习被动语态第一板块单元语法1．Itwasgoing________________(test)outbyLarry'swife，Claire.2．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowher________________(harm)．3．Clairethoughtitwasridiculous_________________(offer)sympathybyarobot.tobetestedtobeharmedtobeoffered4．Howawful____________________(discover)byher，Clairethought.5．Bythattime，Tonyexpectedthehouse_________completely_______________(transform).6．Whatasweetvictory________________(envy)bythosewomen!7．ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhave_________________(rebuild).tobediscoveredtobetransformedtobeenviedtoberebuilt语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。被动语态的构成是：助动词be＋动词的过去分词。考点一各种时态的被动语态1．各种时态的主、被动语态的构成时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are＋done一般将来时will/shall＋dowill/shall/begoingto/beto＋be＋done现在进行时am/is/are＋doingam/is/are＋being＋done时态主动语态被动语态一般过去时didwas/were＋done现在完成时have/has＋donehave/has＋been＋done过去完成时had＋donehad＋been＋done过去进行时was/were＋doingwas/were＋being＋done情态动词情态动词＋do情态动词＋be＋done2.注意事项(1)“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态，系动词be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。I'minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。(2)英语中有一些短语常以被动形式呈现，但表示主动意义。Sheisusuallydressedinwhite.她通常穿白色衣服。Theboywasseatedbythewindow.小男孩坐在窗户旁。(3)“get＋过去分词”也表被动。Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。(4)某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义。①read，write，act，iron，burn，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。Thedoordoesn'topeneasily.门不容易打开。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那种自行车卖得很好。②某些表示“发生”的动词(短语)，如happen，takeplace，occur，breakout，burstout等没有被动语态，但其意义中包含被动概念。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.战争爆发于1937年。Heavyrainsoccurredduringasummermonsoon.暴雨出现在一个夏季季风期。(5)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit，have，wish，cost，agreewith，arriveat/in，shakehandswith，succeedin，sufferfrom，takepartin，walkinto，belongto等。Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只适合于这把锁。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事与听说的相符合。考点二不定式的被动形式动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态特征。当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。1．不定式的被动形式的构成形式结构意义一般式tobedone和谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生完成式tohavebeendone发生在谓语动词之前2.用法(1)作主语It'sapitytobekeptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是遗憾。(2)作宾语Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求再给他一次尝试的机会。(3)作表语Herdreamistobesenttostudyabroad.她的梦想是被派往国外留学。(4)作宾语补足语或主语补足语Thecaptainorderedtheflagtoberaised.船长命令升旗。ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.据说这本书已被译成了法语。(5)作定语Therewereplanstobemadeatonce.要立即制订计划。Hewasthelastonetobeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。(6)作状语Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，nevertobeseenagain.他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没人见过她。Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。3．不定式的主动表被动用法(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语时，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，这时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Hehasafamilytosupport.(tosupport与family是动宾关系，与he是主谓关系。)他要维持一个家庭。注意：若句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式要用被动式。I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted？(不定式的被动语态作定语，you不是post动作的执行者。)我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？(2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.那个问题不容易回答。(3)在therebe...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.(用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losetime不明确。)没有可以失去的时间了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·天津卷)Mywashingmachine____________________(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt_______________(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengines_____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers.isbeingrepairedareremovedwereused4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah__________________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.5.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight___________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.6．Thegiantpanda____________(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.hasbeentold/wastoldbemadeisloved7．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts___________________(reward)withsuccessintheend.8．Itisreportedthataspacestation_________________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.9．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement____________________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.10．Theairport___________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.willberewardedwillbebuilthasbeenreachedtobecompletedⅡ.单句改错1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub._______________2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking._________________took→takenusing→used3．Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.____________4．Suddenlythearrowswereflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain!__________________________去掉been去掉第二个were或looked5．TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.________________6．NowmyfriendAnn，togetherwithme，isgoingtodofieldstudyandth