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SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气(2)语法图解探究发现①Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldnothavemissedtheexcitingsceneinthemovie.②Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldn'tbesoworriednow.③HadIleftsooner,Iwouldhavebeenthereontime.④Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.⑤Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewerehisowndaughter.⑥It'shightimethatwebeganthework.⑦It'snecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.⑧IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek.[我的发现](1)在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“”形式表示，而主句谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”表示。(如例句①)(2)当条件句的谓语中有had,were或should时，可将if省略，同时将had,were或should提到从句主语的前面，形成。(如例句③)had＋过去分词倒装(3)当主从句所指的时间时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句②)(4)有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫。(如例句④)(5)asif引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用。(如例句⑤)(6)虚拟语气还用于某些。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧)不一致含蓄条件句虚拟语气特殊句式(结构)中一、虚拟语气的特殊用法1．错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvicethen,youwouldn'tbeintroublenow.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(从句——过去，主句——现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadviceyesterday.如果我是你，昨天我就会采纳他的意见。(从句——现在，主句——过去)2．含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。Withoutelectricity,theworldwouldbedark.如果没有电，世界将一片黑暗。(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。Iranallthewaytothecinema;otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthebeginningofthemovie.我一路跑到电影院，不然我会错过了电影的开头。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn'tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.我不知道他们一直在等我，要不然我肯定会早点来。即时演练1单句语法填空①Hisshipwasdelayedbecauseoftheheavyfogyesterday;otherwiseI(pick)himupontime.②Ifhehadn’tlockedthedoor,I(be)athomenow.③Butfortherain,we(finish)theworkalready.④I(go)tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.wouldhavepickedwouldbewouldhavefinishedwouldhavegone1．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法(1)在“Itis＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/apity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。It’simportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtherulesofschool.重要的是每个学生都能了解校规。ItisapitythatLucy(should)besocareless.真遗憾露西竟这样粗心。二、虚拟语气的其他用法(2)“Itisdesired(suggested,ordered,requested,proposed,required等)＋that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用“should＋do”，其中should可省略。Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。It’srequiredthatthenewcar(should)bepaidincash.这辆新车要求用现金支付。2．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词如suggestion,proposal,order,demand,advice,request等后跟表语从句和同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。Hegavetheadvicethatwe(should)dotheworkcarefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。3．asif/asthough从句以及ifonly后的句子常用虚拟语气asif/asthough/ifonly时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相虚拟had＋过去分词与现在相虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)与将来相虚拟would/could/might＋动词原形Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.他谈起这次事故来好像他看到了一样。(与过去事实相反)IfonlyIhadenoughmoneytobuyaphone.如果我有足够的钱买一部手机，那该多好。(与现在事实相反)[点津]如果asif/asthough后的从句有明显的迹象表示可能发生时，不用虚拟语气。Itissocloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天很阴，似乎要下雨了。4．It’s(high/about)time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用“should＋动词原形”，但should一般不省略。It’stimeIgot/shouldgetdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我是时候该认真思考一下那篇论文了。即时演练2单句语法填空①Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies②Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI(know)what’sgoingoninmylittleboy’sheadrightnow.”③Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.(should)besentknewdid/shoulddo④Itisnecessarythathe(send)toBeijingrightaway.⑤Don’thandlethevaseasifit(make)ofsteel.⑥Hisdemandwasthatwe(go)tothetrainingcenteratonce.⑦It’stimethatwe(have)ameetingtotalkabouttheproblem.⑧Itisstrangethatshe(refuse)tocometotheparty.(should)besentweremade(should)gohad/shouldhave(should)refuse[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·天津高考改编)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.wouldhaveaccomplished解析：句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“Iftheworkershadbeenbetterorganized”，因此后半部分应用“主语＋wouldhavedonesth.”结构。2．(2017·天津高考改编)—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.wouldn'thavebeen解析：句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由“yesterday”可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn'thavedone。3．(2016·江苏高考改编)Ifit(notbe)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.hadnotbeen解析：根据主句的时间状语“now”与从句的时间状语“theotherday”可以判断本题考查的是错综时间条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。4．(2015·安徽高考改编)Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.wouldhave解析：句意：很幸运，我们订了个房间，否则我们现在就无处安身了。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在or中体现，相当于Ifwehadn'tbookedaroom,wewouldhavenowheretostaynow.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。5．(2015·重庆高考改编)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.wouldn'thavewritten解析：句意：假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出著名小说《永别了，武器》。当句中出现without,butfor,otherwise等词时，句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况)，或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况)，本题很显然是与过去的情况相反，而根据句意可知应用其否定形式，因此本句否定形式应用，“would/could/should/mightnot＋havedone”。[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．IfPeter(take)hisfather’sadvice,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2．Ifthevillagershadn’tbuiltthedams,theirvillage_______________(flood)bythewater.3．Itlooksasifhe(nothave)amealforaweek.4．IfonlyI(meet)themoviestar!ButIwasthenintheschooldoingpapers.5．—Excuseme,visitinghoursareover.It’stimeforyoutoleave.—I’msorry.Ididn’tknowthetimeorI(leave)earlier.hadtakenwouldhavebeenfloodedhadn’thadhadmetwouldhaveleft6．Hewishedhe(say)