2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Poems Section Ⅰ Warming Up

TheDifferentTypesofPoemsPoetryistheexpression①ofathought,anidea,aconcept②orastoryinastructuredformwhichhasaflowandamusiccreatedbythesoundsandsyllablesinit.Alltypesofpoemsareoftenwritteninseveralstyles.Thesestylesaredefined③bythenumberoflinesineachstanza④，thesyllablesusedineachlineorthestructuresofrhyme⑤usedandsoon.Hereisalistofsomemaintypesofpoemscommonlyusedbypoetsallovertheworld.Ballad(民谣):Thisisanoldstyleofwritingpoetry,whichisusedtotellstories.Aballadusuallyhasstanzasmadeupof⑥eithersevenoreightortenlines,andendswithashortfourorfivelinestanza.Eachstanzaendswiththesameline,whichiscalled“arefrain”．Quatrain(四行诗):Thiskindofpoemhasfourlinesinastanza,ofwhichthesecondandfourthlinesrhymewitheachotherandhaveasimilarsyllablestructure.Sonnet(十四行诗):Thistypeofpoemcontainsfourteenlinesandfollowsconventionalstructuresofrhyme.FreeVerse(自由诗):Thisisamethodofwritingpoetry,whichdoesnotessentiallyfollowanystructureorstyle.Thereisnofixedmeterandnostructureregardingrhymeandlinesineachstanza.Thiskindofpoetryisquitepopularwithmodernpoets.Epic(史诗):Thispoemisusuallyalonganddescriptiveonewhichtellsastory.Epicsusuallyarelongerthanmostpoemsandmayeventakeupabook.Example:Homer'sIliad.Thesearebynomeans,alltypesofpoemsformsused.Iimerick(五行打油诗),haikuandcinquainarealsothemaintypesofpoems.Buttheyareallthebasics.Mostpoetsusetheseformsandstructureswhilewritingtheirpoems.Theformandstructureofthepoem,ideally⑦shouldnotlimitthethoughtortheideaconveyedbythepoet.However,thesestylesofwritinghelpmakethepoemmoremusicalinitsflow.[多积词汇]①expressionn．表达；表示②conceptn.观念，概念③definev.定义④stanzan.诗的一节⑤rhymen.韵；押韵；押韵的词⑥bemadeupof由……组成⑦ideallyadv.完美地，理想地SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMSTherearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry①.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression②.Otherstrytoconvey③certainemotions④.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Inthistext,however,wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.①why引导定语从句，修饰先行词variousreasons。关系副词在从句中作原因状语。②that引导定语从句，修饰先行词away。关系代词that在从句中作主语。③convey/kən'veI/vt.传达；运送④emotion/I'məʊʃn/n.情感；情绪；感情[读文清障][原文呈现]SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglish⑤isnurseryrhymes⑥.Theserhymesliketheoneontheright(A)arestillacommontypeofchildren'spoetry.Thelanguageisconcrete⑦butimaginative,andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition⑧.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory⑨，buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.⑤ayoungchildlearnsinEnglish是定语从句，修饰先行词thefirstpoetry。关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了。⑥nurseryrhyme童谣nursery/'nɜːsərI/n.托儿所⑦concrete/'kɒŋkriːt/adj.具体的⑧repetition/ˌrepI'tIʃn/n.重复；反复；循环⑨contradictory/ˌkɒntrə'dIktrI/adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的几首形式简单的英文诗人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗通过讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。而有些(诗)则试图传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己的情感。然而，在本文中，我们将研究几种形式比较简单的诗。幼儿最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是一种常见的儿童诗的类型。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。[课文翻译][读文清障][原文呈现]AHush○10，littlebaby,don'tsayaword，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouamockingbird⑪.Ifthatmockingbirdwon'tsing，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouadiamond⑫ring.Ifthatdiamondringturnsto⑬brass⑭，Papa'sgoingtobuyyoualooking­glass.Ifthatlooking­glassgetsbroke，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouabilly­goat⑮.○10hush/hʌʃ/vi.&vt.(使某人)安静下来⑪mockingbird/'mɒkIŋ'bɜːd/n.嘲鸫(一种鸟，能模仿其他鸟的叫声)⑫diamond/'daIəmənd/n.钻石；菱形⑬turnto(使)变成；(使)转向⑭brass/brɑːs/n.黄铜；黄铜器⑮billy­goat/'bIlIɡəʊt/n.公山羊[读文清障][原文呈现]Ifthatbilly­goatrunsaway⑯，Papa'sgoingtobuyyouanothertoday.SomesimplepoemsarelikeBandCthatlistthings.Listpoemshaveaflexible⑰linelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapattern⑱andarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme(likeB)whileothersdonot(likeC)⑲.⑯runaway跑掉⑰flexible/'fleksəbl/adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的⑱pattern/'pætn/n.模式；式样；图案⑲while“而；然而”，此处是并列连词，表示对比。A小宝宝，别说话，爸爸给你买嘲鸫。小嘲鸫，不会唱，爸爸给你买钻戒。钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买镜子。小镜子，打破了，爸爸给你买山羊。小山羊，跑掉了，爸爸今天再买只。有一些简单的诗是像(B)和(C)这样列举事物的。清单诗可长可短较为灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的固定句型和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。[课文翻译][读文清障][原文呈现]⑳onfire“在燃烧；在着火”，表示状态。○21“seesb./sth.＋介词短语”“看见某人/某物……”，此诗中使用了多种形式作动词see的宾补。○22bowtosb.向某人鞠躬；屈服于某人○23squire/skwaIə/n.乡绅○24cottage/'kɒtIdʒ/n.村舍；小屋○25coffin/'kɒfIn/n.棺材BIsawafish­pondallonfire⑳Isawafish­pondallonfire○21，Isawahousebowto○22asquire○23，Isawapersontwelve­feethigh，Isawacottage○24inthesky，Isawaballoonmadeoflead，Isawacoffin○25dropdowndead，[读文清障][原文呈现]○26sparrow/'spærəʊ/n.麻雀○27makelace绣花包○28kitten/'kItn.小猫Isawtwosparrows○26runarace，Isawtwohorsesmakinglace○27，Isawagirljustlikeacat，Isawakitten○28wearahat，Isawamanwhosawthesetoo，Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.B我看到鱼塘在燃烧我看到鱼塘在燃烧，我看到房子向地主哈腰，我看到人有12英尺高，我看到茅屋在天郊，我看到气球用铅造，我看到棺材把死人抛，我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，我看到两匹马儿绣花包，我看到姑娘像只猫，我看到小猫戴花帽，我看到有人在一旁瞄，虽奇怪，但也把实情报。[课文翻译][读文清障][原文呈现]○29本段中的if从句均是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句是Wewouldhavewon...。if从句用haddone结构，主句用should/would/could/might＋havedone结构。○30stayuplate熬夜COurfirstfootballmatchWewouldhavewon...ifJackhadscoredthatgoal○29，ifwe'dhadjustafewmoreminutes，ifwehadtrainedharder，ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe，ifwe'dhadthousandsoffansscreaming，ifIhadn'ttakenmyeyeoffthebal