2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅰ Welcome

Unit2Language当今社会，一个人会讲两、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？读完下面的短文，会让你大吃一惊。Unit2LanguageWhenpeopleareaskedhowmanylanguagestheythinkthereareintheworld,theanswersvaryquiteabit.Onerandom(随意的)samplingofNewYorkers,forinstance,resultedinanswerslike“probablyseveralhundred”．Howeverwechoosetocountthem,though,thisisnotUnit2Languageclose.Whenwelookatreferenceworks,wefindestimates(估计)thathaveescalated(上升)overtime.The1911(11th)editionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica(大英百科全书),forexample,impliesafiguresomewherearound1，000,anumberthatclimbssteadilyoverthecourseofthetwentiethcentury.Unit2LanguageThatisnotduetoanyincreaseinthenumberoflanguages,butrathertoourincreasedunderstandingofhowmanylanguagesareactuallyspokeninareasthathadpreviouslybeenunder­described.Muchpioneeringworkinprovingthelanguagesoftheworldhasbeendonebymissionary(传教的)organizations(suchastheSummerInstituteofLinguistics)withaninterestintranslatingtheChristianBible(圣经)．Asof1997,atleastaportionoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedinto2，197differentlanguages,stillalongwayshortoffullcoverage.Themostextensivecatalog(目录)oftheworld’slanguages,generallytakentobeasauthoritative(权威的)asany,isthatoftheEthnology(人类学)organization,whosedetailedclassifiedlistcurrentlyincludes6，809distinctlanguages.Unit2LanguageSectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．__________vt.击败，战胜2．__________vt.替换，代替，取代3．__________vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及4．__________adv.因此，所以defeatreplaceraisetherefore5．__________n.过程；进程6．__________n.区别，差别7．__________n.口音，腔调；着重点processdistinctionaccent[拓展词汇]8．__________vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)→occupationn．职业；占有；消遣；居住9．__________n．混合，混合体→mixv．混合；掺入；合成；融合10．__________adj.官方的，正式的→officiallyadv.官方地；正式地；公务上→officern．官员；高级职员；警官；军官occupymixtureofficial11．______________n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contributevt.捐助；投稿12．__________adj.完全的，整个的→entirelyadv.完全地；全部地contributionentire1．_____________________由……组成(构成)2．______________________以……命名3．______________________除……之外4．______________________对……做出贡献5．______________________控制，取得对……的控制6．______________________导致bemadeupof/consistofnameafterasidefrommakecontributionstotakecontrolofleadto7．___________________用……替代……8．________________母语，本国语9．________________经历10．________________持续replace...with...mothertonguegothroughkeepon1．why引导的表语从句Thatis___________________________________________(为什么英语有这么多很难的规则)thatconfusepeople.2．eventhough引导让步状语从句______________________________________________(尽管诺曼人讲法语)fortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.whyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesEventhoughtheNormansspokeFrench3．do/did强调谓语动词Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguage__________(的确借用了)manywordsfromFrench.4．while连接两个并列成分AftertheNormanConquest,high­classpeoplespokeFrench__________(然而)commonpeoplespokeEnglish.5．whether引导宾语从句Thequestionof_____________________________________(英语是否会继续变化)inthefutureiseasytoanswer.didborrowwhilewhetherEnglishwillkeeponchangingⅠReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Celticwas__________．A．spokenbyGermansinthemiddleof5thcenturyB．oneofthetwoGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainC．thelanguageusedinBritainbeforethemiddleofthe5thcenturyD．calledOldEnglish2．OldEnglishconsistedofdifferentlanguagesusedbydifferentpeople.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．TheAnglesandtheSaxons.B．TheVikings.C．French.D．Celtic.3．WhichlanguagehadanimportanteffectontheEnglishlanguageduringMiddleEnglishperiod?A．German.B．French.C．Latin.D．Greek.4．Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat__________．A．thepluralformsofmanandchildwereborrowedfromFrenchB．theAnglesandtheSaxonsmadethegreatestcontributioninthehistoryofEnglishC．OldEnglishwasmadeupofCelticandthelanguageoftheAnglesandtheSaxonsD．Englishhasmanywordsandphraseswithsimilarmeaningswhichcamefromdifferentlanguages答案：1－4.CCBDⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans是主干句；aFrench­speakingpeople是__________；whodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066是who引导的__________从句。[尝试翻译]最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰__________。答案：同位语；定语；并控制了这个国家2．ThequestionofwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.本句的主干句是Thequestioniseasytoanswer,句中的iseasytoanswer为主动形式表__________，不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的__________关系；whetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture是whether引导的__________从句。[尝试翻译]英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题__________。答案：被动；动宾；宾语；是容易回答的EnglishanditshistoryAllthrough①history,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupof②thegrammarandvocabulary③thesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople④.①allthrough一直，从来就②bemadeupof由……组成(构成)makeup编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆③vocabulary[və'kæbjələrI]n.词汇thesepeoplebroughttoBritain是定语从句，修饰先行词thegrammarandvocabulary，关系代词省略了。④why引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。英语及其历史有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说的语言的语法和词汇构成的。这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。OldEnglishOldEnglishisverydifferentfrom⑤theEnglishwespeaknowadays⑥.Infact⑦，wewouldnotbeabletounder­standitifweheardittoday.B