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Unit2HealthyeatingSectionⅣGrammar情态动词(Ⅱ)1．(教材P10)Bynowhisrestaurant_________befullofpeople.Butnottoday!2．(教材P10)Somethingterrible_____havehappenedifLiChangwasnotcomingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.oughttomust3．(教材P14)____Iaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday?4．(教材P15)Perhapswe_________combineourideasandprovideabalancedmenuwithfoodfullofenergyandfibre.Mayoughtto1．表示出于义务、责任、道义等方面的要求而该做某事。◆Tohandinthepaperintime,weoughttohaveabusyschedule.为了及时交上论文，我们的日程应该紧一点。◆Tobuildupourbody,weoughttodoenoughexercise,suchasrunning,swimmingandhiking.为了增强体质，我们应该做足够的运动，比如跑步、游泳和远足。oughtto的用法2．表示说话人的猜测。◆Sheoughttosucceed,becauseshetrieshardenough.她应该能成功，因为她确实够努力。◆Thetwoteamsareequalinability,sothegamebetweenthemoughttobeacloseone.这两队能力相当，因此他们之间的比赛应该是一场势均力敌的比赛。3．oughtto的否定式是在ought后加not，疑问式是将ought提前。◆Ifyoumakeapromise,youshouldkeepitandyououghtnottobreakapromise.如果你做出了承诺，你就应该遵守诺言，不应该食言。◆—OughtItowritetosaythankyou?——我应该写封感谢信吗？—Yes,Ithinkyouought(to)．——对，我认为你应该写。【即时演练1】——句型转换Yououghttoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.①→_________________________________________________(变为疑问句)②→_________________________________________________(变为否定句)Oughtyoutoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes？Yououghtnottoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。◆(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports.如果你时间不充裕，你只需要跑一半的时间就可以获得和其他运动同样的效果。need的用法◆NeedIsendbothChineseandEnglishCV(CurriculumVitae)whenapplying?在申请的时候，我是不是需要发送中英文履历？◆Whoevermaysayso,youneednotbelieveit.即使有人这么说，你也没必要去相信它。由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或haveto，否定回答常用needn’t。【即时演练2】——完成句子①(2017·天津卷)我的房间很乱，但今晚出去之前我不需要打扫，我会早晨打扫的。Myroomisamess,butI_________________beforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.②——我需要与王医生提前预约吗？—____________anappointmentwithDoctorWangaheadoftime?——是的，你需要。/——不，没必要。—Yes,_________．/—No,____________．needn’tcleanitNeedImakeyoumustyouneedn’thaveto强调客观需要，意为“不得不，必须”，后跟动词原形。口语中也常说havegotto。它的特点是have有人称、时态的变化。◆Ihavetochangethetimeforthelessonfrommorningtoafternoonforsomereasons.(肯定句)由于某些原因我不得不把上课时间由早晨改到下午。haveto的用法◆(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlongtoseethebenefit.(否定句)你没必要为看到效果而跑太快或时间太长。◆Wherehaveyoutogonext？(疑问句)下一步你必须去哪里？must和haveto的区别(1)二者都是“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观的必要。(2)在否定结构中：don’thaveto表示“不必”；mustn’t表示“禁止”。【即时演练3】——句型转换/完成句子Wehavetoconsiderthequestionofwheretosleep.①→_________________________________________________(疑问句)②→_________________________________________________(否定句)③(2018·天津卷)我们必须勇于攀登人生的巅峰并憧憬美好未来。Stillwe___________anddreamaboutwhat’satthetopofourmountain.Dowehavetoconsiderthequestionofwheretosleep？Wedon’thavetoconsiderthequestionofwheretosleep.mustclimbdare表示“敢”，作情态动词时主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。◆Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。◆Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晚上不敢独自出门。dare的用法【即时演练4】——完成句子①我们不敢开他玩笑以免他生气。We____________________onhimlestheshouldbecomeangry.②你竟敢认为我抄了你的笔记！How_______________thatIcopiedyournotes!darenotplayjokesdareyouthink1．musthavedone表示对过去发生的动作或状态进行推测，语气比较肯定，通常只用于肯定句中。◆Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我没听到电话，我肯定是睡着了。情态动词＋havedone2．may(might)havedone表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测；might的语气比may弱。主要用于肯定句或否定句中。◆Theboymighthaveknownthetruth,butIamnotquitesure.那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。3．can(could)havedone表示对过去的某种情况的怀疑或不确定，一般用于否定句和疑问句中；could的语气较can弱。couldhavedone还可表示过去本来能做的事情却没做。◆Hecannothaveleft.Hisbagisstillintheroom.他绝不可能走了，他的包还在房间里呢。◆Inmyview,thisaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.依我看，这次事故本来是可以避免的。4．oughtto(should)havedone表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了。◆Yououghtnottohavemadefunofhim,andyoushouldhavelearnedfromhim.你本不应该取笑他的，你本应该向他学习。5．needn’thavedone表示过去做了不必做的事情。◆Weneednothaveworriedaboutthemathsexam.Itwasapieceofcake.我们本不必担心数学考试，实际上它很容易。6．wouldlike/lovetohavedonesth.表示“本打算/本想做某事”。◆Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.我本打算读这篇文章的，但是当时我太忙了。【即时演练5】——用适当的情态动词填空①She__________haveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.②I________haveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.③Mr.Smith______havegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.④Tom,youaretoolazy.Thework_______havebeenfinishedyesterday.might/mayneedn’tcan’tshouldⅠ选词填空1．He______(must/might)gethereintime,butIcan’tbesure.2．“Allpassengers_____(can/must)wearseatbelts，”anairhostesssaid.3．You________(mustn’t/needn’t)tellanybodyelseaboutthis—it’sasecret.4．Bythetimeshewaseight,she______(could/can)readGreekandLatin.mightmustmustn’tcould5．Asmiddleschoolstudents,we_________(haveto/oughtto)learnfromtherealheroes.6．They_______(haveto/must)stayintheofficelastnightbecauseofthesnowstorm.7．He______(can’t/mustn’t)havemissedthetrain;hearrivedatthetrainstationtwohoursearly.8．They_______(should/must)havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.oughttohadtocan’tshould9．We_____(need/dare)learnfromothersinanopenmindedway.10．I_________(couldn’t/needn’t)havegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.11．You________(needn’t/mustn’t)havetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.12．Children__________(shouldn’t/don’thaveto)beallowedtoplayinthestreet.It’stoodangerous.needcouldn’tneedn’tshouldn’t13．Ihaveahabit