Unit2CloningSectionⅣGrammar&Writing同位语第一板块单元语法用适当的连接词填空1.Ihavenoidea_____hewillcomeback.2.Thequestion________weneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.3.Weexpressthehope_____theywillcometovisitChinaagain.whenwhetherthat4.Thenews_____ourteacherwasillistrue.5.Thenews_____________youtoldusyesterdayistrue.6.Informationhasbeenputforward_____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.thatthat/whichthat一、同位语同位语是句子成分的一种。主要用于对名词进行解释与说明,可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)及从句等。1.名词、代词或数词充当同位语IlivewithmyuncleTom.我和Tom叔叔住在一起。Weeachputforwardaproposal.我们每人提出了一个建议。Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.她是他们六个人中年纪最大的。2.名词词组、形容词(词组)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)等充当同位语ZhuZhiwen,adiligentfarmerandbrilliantsinger,isreallyahitthroughoutChina.朱之文,一位勤劳的农民、才华横溢的歌唱家,轰动了全中国。Isthisyourpurpose,toavoidbeingpunished?逃避惩罚,这就是你的目的?二、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等抽象名词的后面。对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。1.同位语从句的连接词主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。其中that,whether不作成分,that无实际意义,whether意为“是否”;其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。ThenewsthathewaspunishedsoonspreadontheInternet.他被惩罚的消息很快在网上传开了。Ihavenoideawherehelives.我不知道他住在哪里。2.同位语从句的注意事项(1)分隔式同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开,从而形成分隔式同位语从句,这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。Asayinggoesthatpracticemakesperfect.“熟能生巧”是谚语。(2)名词suggestion,order,demand,command,request等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“(should+)do”。Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.老师给了我们一些如何使用电脑的建议。(3)名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导;nodoubt(毫无疑问)后的同位语从句用that引导。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.张卫会守信用,这是毫无疑问的。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同说明名词表示的具体内容说明名词的性质,特征、来源等that不作成分,起连接作用,不可省略作主语、宾语或表语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略,指物时可用which代替同位语从句定语从句whether/how不作成分,起连接作用,意为:“是否”,“如何”不引导定语从句wh类连接词作成分,起连接作用,有自己的含义,但与先行词之间无关作成分,起连接作用,没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分Jimgottoknowthenewsthatthewholevillagewasingreatdanger.吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that引导同位语从句,解释说明thenews的内容。)Doyouknowthenews(that/which)Jimtoldme?你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗?(that/which引导定语从句,且在从句中作宾语)Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1.Ihavenoidea_____wewillhaveagoodrest.2.Thequestion________weshouldgotheremustbedecidedthen.3.Therewaslittlehope_____hewouldsurvive.4.Thesuggestion_____hegavemeispractical.5.Thepen____________youfoundyesterdayismine.whenwhetherthatthatthat/which6.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairman_____thenewrulesshouldbeadopted.7.Thereisafeelinginme_____we'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.8.Weallknowthefact_____Chinahasahistoryofoverfivethousandyears.9.Theproposalhadbeenputforward,andthenarosethequestion______weweretogettheproofsneeded.10.Thereismuchdiscussionaboutthequestion____therisingfoodpricesareaffectingordinarypeople.thatthatthatwherehowⅡ.单句改错1.Therestillremainssomedoubtthathecantakegoodcareofhisdaughter.______________2.Theyarefacedwiththeproblemiftheyshouldcontinuethework.____________3.Youmayleaveittotheythree.___________4.Histeachergavehimtheadvicethatheusescomputerproperly.__________5.Thenewstheywonthematchistrue._____________that→whetherif→whetherthey→themuses→usenews后加thatⅢ.语法与写作1.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。Thenews___________________________soonspreadoverthewholeschool.2.我保证过我会让他高兴。Imadeapromise____________________________.3.怎样才能筹集到足够的钱,这个问题我们还没有解决。Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestion_________________________________________.howwecanraiseenoughmoneythattheyhadwonthegamethatIwouldmakehimhappy4.我们的老师就我们该去哪里度暑假给出了建议。Ourteachergaveusthesuggestion________________________________________.5.谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。Thequestion______________________requiresconsideration.6.很多父母持有这样的观点:青少年不应该花太多时间上网。Manyparentsholdtheview____________________________________________online.whereweshouldspendoursummerholidaysthatteenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimewhoshoulddothework7.我刚从收音机上听说了暴风雨有可能要来的警告。I'vejustheardawarningontheradio_____________________________________.8.这件事情是否值得做,这个问题将在会议上被讨论。Thequestion__________________________willbediscussedatthemeeting.thatarainstormislikelytocomewhetheritisworthdoing如何写议论文第二板块单元写作[文体感知]议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法,因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较,然后进行分析和评论,最后提出自己的看法,表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明,得出结论。1.在文章的开头提出有争议的观点(一般提出两个相对的观点,然后客观地对其进行评析)。2.接下来可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。在每段中,均可用主题句来点明论点,并对这些论点进行比较和对比、分析和评论。3.文章结尾对所论述观点进行客观、合理的评论,提出自己的看法、建议;也可以将不同观点相互融合,选其可取之处,形成自己独到的观点。[增分佳句]1.Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...Somepeoplesuggestthat...2.People'sopinionsabout...varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythat...3.Everythinghastwosidesand...isnotanexception;ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4.Onthecontrary,therearesomepeopleinfavourof...Atthesametime,theysay...5.Facedwith...,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto...Foronething,...foranother,...6.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat...7.Formypart,Ithinkitreasonableto...Onlyinthiswaycanyou...8.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat...[写作要求]假定你是李华,你班同学最近参加了某报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是:要不要克隆人类。请你根据下表所提供的信息,给报社编辑投稿,客观地介绍讨论情况。大约35%的同学支持克隆1.克隆人很有趣,可以使人复生;2.能使世界变得更有趣