Unit1WomenofachievementSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage探究学习思路StepⅠ自主预习Ⅰ.写出下列短语1.________看不起,蔑视2.________谈及;查阅3.________既然答案1.lookdownupon/on2.referto3.nowthatⅡ.阅读下面Unit1的课文原句,并用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.Ourgroup________________________________(beallgoingto)visitthemintheforest.(P2)2.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeup________(be)ourfirstactivityoftheday.(P2)3.Janewarnsusthatourgroup________________________(begoingto)beverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.(P2)4.Sheinspiresthosewho________(want)tocheertheachievementsofwomen.(P2)答案1.areallgoingto2.is3.isgoingto4.wantStepⅡ诱思导学考点1lookdownupon/on看不起,轻视①[课本原句P4]Manypeoplelookdownuponpoorpeople.很多人看不起穷人。②Mr.Greenneverlooksdownuponanyonewhohasn'thadacollegeeducation.格林先生从来不会看不起任何未受过大学教育的人。[归纳拓展]lookthrough浏览,仔细看lookforwardto期望lookinto调查lookup查找,向上看lookupto钦佩,尊敬[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ifyoucomeacrosssomenewwords,youcanlookthem________inthedictionary.②Thepolicemanisgoingtolook________thecase.③Shelooked________thepapersandfoundthenotice.④Weshouldlookup________theold.⑤I'mlookingforwardto________(visit)theartgallerynextweek.答案①up②into③through④to⑤visiting考点2referto提到;说到;参考;查阅;与……有关系;涉及(refer;referred,referred)①[课本原句P5]Ifthewordgroupreferstodifferentmembers,useapluralverb.这个词指的是不同成员,谓语动词用复数形式。②Youshouldreferthismattertoourteacherforadecision.你应该把这件事交付给老师去决定。③HeisreferredtoasalivingLeiFeng.他被称作是一个活雷锋。[归纳拓展]1)refer...to...把……提交给……referto...as...将……称为……2)referencen.提及;参考;查阅;参照;参考书目havereferenceto和……有关系forereference以备查阅3)refertothedictionarylookupawordinthedictionaryconsultthedictionary查字典[即学即练](1)写出下列句中referto的含义①Thebookreferredtothedetailsofthecase.________②Ifyoudon'tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword,youmayrefertothedictionary.________③Whengivingthelecture,hereferredtohisnotefromtimetotime.________④Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.________答案①涉及②查阅③参考④提及⑤to;as⑥reference⑦referred(2)单句语法填空⑤Thescientistreferred__________thediscovery__________themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.⑥Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedas__________(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.⑦(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoften__________(refer)toastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28th.考点3nowthat既然①[课本原句P5]Thepublicareveryexcitednowthattheconcerthallisfinished.因为音乐厅建成了,公众很兴奋。②Nowthatyouarehere,whynothaveadrink?既然你来了,就喝一杯吧。[易混辨析]because,since/nowthat,as,forbecause表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以放在主句前。BecauseLinglingwasill,shedidn'tcometoschool.玲玲因病没有上学。since/nowthat侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为;既然”,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese,Icouldn'tfollowtheconversation.我日语懂得不多,因而听不懂对话。as常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。AsJackwasnotready,wewentwithouthim.由于杰克没有准备好,我们只好不带他去了。for用作连词时,与because相似,但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交代过的情况。不表示直接原因,表明附加或推断的理由,并且前后两个分句间用逗号隔开,且for不可置于句首。Thedaysareshort,foritisnowDecember.白天短了,因为现在已是十二月份了。[即学即练]选词填空(as/because/since/for)①Ican'ttellwhethersheisoldoryoung,________Ihaveneverseenher.②________everyoneishere,wewillbeginourmeeting.③________it'sgettinglate,wewenthomewithourchildren.④Shedidn'tgotoschool________shewasillyesterday.答案①for②Since③As④becauseStepⅢ语法图解归纳主谓一致是高考试题中的测试点之一,它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法形式上一致的原则、语言内容上一致的原则、谓语与相邻主语一致的原则,同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰语等。近几年高考对主谓一致这一语法现象的考查频率虽然不高,但在今后的高考试题中还是不可避免的。我们在掌握主谓一致基本原则的同时,还要特别注意附加原则和整体原则。分数、百分数、数量词、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题是高考命题的重点。类别用法理解例句and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事物,其概念是复数,句子的谓语动词用复数。Herteacherandherfriendareinthesittingroom.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。and连接并列主语的情况and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,句子的谓语动词用单数。此时,后一个名词前不用冠词。Breadandbutterishealthfulfood.涂有黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这位诗人兼作家写了很多作品。and连接的并列主语是单数概念,前面有every,each等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。但each放在由and连接的并列单数主语后面,修饰复数概念的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheteaparty.每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会。Theboyandthegirleachhavetheirowntoys.这个男孩和这个女孩每个人都有自己的玩具。and后加no构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数。AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。主语后接插入语的情况当“主语+aswellas(asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,like,unlike,but,except,besides,including等)”时,其谓语单复数与主语保持一致。Henry,ratherthanJaneandJohn,isresponsiblefortheloss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。Jane,togetherwithherparents,goestotheparkeverySunday.简和她的父母每个星期天都去公园。由连词or,either...or,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...,whether...or...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的名词或代词。Notonlytheboysbut(also)theirfatherwastoblame.不但这些男孩子而且他们的父亲也应该为此负责。Eitheryouortheheadmasteristohandouttheprizestothesegiftedstudents.要么你,要么校长要为这些优秀的学生颁奖。就近一致的情况在倒装句及therebe,herebe的结构中,谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。Herecomesabusandtwocars.来了一辆公交车和两辆小汽车。Thereisapen,fivepencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔、五支铅笔和三本书。family(家庭),public(公众),club(俱乐部),crowd(人群),group(组),audience(观众)等集体名词作为一个整体看时,表示单数意义;若就其中一个个成员而看时,则表示复数意义。Myfamilyisabigandhappyone.我的家是一个幸福的大家庭。HisfamilyareallsittingonthesofawatchingTV.他的家人都坐在沙发上看电视。有些集合名词作主语,谓语动词只能用复数。常见的词有people,thepolice,mankind,cattle等。Thepolicehavecaughttherobbers.警察已经抓到了抢劫犯。