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SectionⅢGrammar—动词不定式语法图解探究发现用所给词的适当形式填空1．Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon'tknowhow(make)mebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearned_______(adapt)tomydisability.2．ThenIstarted(get)weakerandweaker,untilIcouldonlyenjoyfootballfromabenchatthestadium.tomaketoadapttoget3．Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficult(know)whatthefutureholds.toknow4．Iamhappy(find)manythingsIcando,likewritingandcomputerprogramming.5．Myambitionis(work)forafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.6．LastyearIinventedacomputerfootballgameandabigcompanyhasdecided(buy)itfromme.7．(look)aftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftimebutIfinditworthwhile.8．Ihavetoworkhard(live)anormallifebutithasbeenworthit.tohavefoundtoworktobuyTolooktolive9．IfIhadachance(say)onethingtohealthychildren,itwouldbethis:havingadisabilitydoesnotmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.10．Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragement(live)asrichandfullalifeasyoudo.tosaytolive[我的发现](1)以上句子皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当_____(如句1、2、6)，(如句3、7)，原因状语(如句4)，____(如句5)，定语(如句9)及目的(如句8、10)。(2)在句1中，“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中充当。(3)动词不定式一般式的结构为：(如句1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10)；动词不定式完成式的结构为：(如句4)宾语主语表语状语宾语todotohavedone一、不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时todotobedone表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时tobedoing－表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行Fatherwarnedmenottodriveafterdrinking.父亲警告我不要酒后开车。I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。Wedidn'texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.我们没有想到你会在这儿等我们。Ithinkit'sanhonortohavebeengivenachancetospeakatthemeeting.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。即时演练1单句语法填空①Tellherweshallbedelighted(come)．②Robertissaid(study)abroad,butIdon'tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.③Thefactory(build)herenextyearisacarfactory.④Thebookissaid(translate)intofourlanguagessofar.⑤Whenhecamein,Ihappened(read)thenovel.tocometohavestudiedtobebuilttohavebeentranslatedtobereading二、不定式的句法功能1．不定式作主语Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的。[点津](1)不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后面。(2)特殊句式：Itfeels＋adj.＋todosth.“做某事给人以……的感觉”。Itisimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.掌握一门外语很重要。Itfeelsgoodtoreturnhomeaftersomanyyearsabroad.多年在国外之后回到家乡，感觉很好。2．不定式作宾语常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：“决心学会想希望”：decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect/long“设法假装在拒绝”：manage,pretend,refuse“主动答应选计划”：offer,promise,choose,plan“同意请求帮一帮”：agree,ask/beg,help外加afford,fail,wouldlike/love,threaten。Ididn'texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。[点津]不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而用形式宾语it代替，常见句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel,etc.＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式。Ithinkitnecessarytosendforanexpert.我认为请位专家来是有必要的。3．不定式作表语不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如果主语部分有表示不定式内容的do的各种形式(do,does,did,done),用作表语的不定式可省略to。Hisdreamistobecomeadoctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.你得做的就是马上完工。4．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动形式；如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendinthemornings.早上她经常有很多会议要开。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。(2)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面作后置定语。DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?你具备读写英语的能力吗？(3)当名词被first,next,second,last以及only等词修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。5．不定式作状语不定式作状语常表示目的、原因或结果。(1)非谓语动词作目的状语时，常采用不定式形式。常见表达形式为todo,inordertodo,soastodo,其中soastodo一般不置于句首。Inorderto/Togetagoodseat,shearrivedearly.为了找个好座位，她很早就到了。(2)不定式与only/never等构成不定式短语作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的情况。而现在分词短语作结果状语常表示自然而然的现象。Hehurriedtothehouseonlytofindthatitwasempty.他匆忙赶到那所房子里，却发现已经空无一人。Hecamelatetwiceaweek,makinghisbossangry.他一周迟到两次，使得老板很生气。(3)某些形容词作表语，表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”，后跟不定式常表示原因。Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatchanythingthathappenedtobeon.老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看电视上播放的任何电视节目都很高兴。(后半句是形容词短语作伴随状语)(4)用于“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,light,good,fit,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible等。Theboxisnoteasytocarry.这个箱子不易携带。[点津]在这一结构中，不定式todo用主动形式表示被动意义6．不定式作补语(宾补或主补)(1)常接不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语的动词有ask,beg,cause,help,force,allow,permit,advise,order,get,want,wish,tell等。Jimtoldmetogivehisbestwishestoeveryonehere.吉姆让我替他向在这儿的各位问好。Youareaskedtowaithere.有人让你在这儿等着。(2)不定式作宾补位于使役动词(let,make,have等)和感官动词(see,notice,hear,watch,listento等)后面时不定式符号to须去掉。但当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to必须加上。Isawhimentertheroom.我看见他进了房间。Hewasseentoentertheroom.有人看见他进了房间。[点津](1)think,consider,suppose,believe,imagine,prove,find等动词后常用tobe作宾语补足语。Imagineyourself(tobe)inhisplace.设想你处于他的位置。(2)hope,demand,suggest,refuse,welcome,arrange,insist,prevent等后不接不定式作宾补。即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①Itisnotgoodforyou(smoke)somuch.②Ifounditnecessary(talk)tohimagain.③Shewenttothehospital(see)hergrandfatheryesterday.tosmoketotalktosee2－2.同义句转换④Tocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.→the5：00busearlyinthemorning.⑤Someonesawhimgoupstairsfollowinghisbrother.→Hefollowinghisbrother.⑥Theboyistheonlystudentwhohasseenthemovie.→Theboyistheonlystudentthemovie.Itisnotagoodideatocatchwasseentogoupstairstosee三、不定式的特殊用法1．不定式的省略(1)在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词(短语)后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是当含这些词的句子变成被