Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅣGrammarinspiredexposedterrified过去分词作定语、表语1.(教材P2)Buthebecame__________(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople__________(expose)tocholera.(作表语;作定语)2.(教材P2)Somanythousandsof__________(terrify)peoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.(作定语)interestedaffectedastonishedfrightenedconfused3.(教材P2)Hebecame__________(interest)intwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.(作表语)4.(教材P2)Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoonthe__________(affect)persondied.(作定语)5.(教材P2)Heimmediatelytoldthe_____________(astonish)peopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.(作定语)6.(教材P7)NicolausCopernicuswas__________(frighten)andhismindwas__________(confuse).(作表语)1.过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。过去分词作定语◆Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.(表示被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气,煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。◆Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.(表示被动和完成)会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。◆Manylittlekidslikegatheringfallenleavesintheyard.许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。◆Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。【典例】(2017·北京卷)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.[解析]句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,“thehappytime”与“spend”之间是被动关系,且此处表示一个已完成的动作,所以用过去分词短语作定语。[答案]spent2.过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。◆Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。◆Manyusedcomputerswillbesoldinthismarket.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。◆Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了,是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。◆Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。◆Thebookpublishedtenyearsagoisstillabestsellertoday.十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行◆Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。◆Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.这位游客来自一个发达国家。4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生◆Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。◆Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。◆Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。1.过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态◆Tomwasastonishedtoseeasnakemovingacrossthefloor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。◆Finallythebabyfelttiredofplayingwiththosetoys.终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。过去分词作表语2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态;而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。◆Thelibraryisnowclosed.(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。◆Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态,常译作“感到……的”;现在分词多表示事物具有的特性,常译作“令人……的”。◆Wewereamazedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。◆Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有:exciting令人激动的excited激动的;兴奋的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的delighting令人高兴的delighted高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的frightened吓坏了的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的moving感人的,令人感动的moved受感动的pleasing令人满意的pleased满意的shocking令人震惊的shocked感到震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled感到迷惑的◆Themanstandingtherelooksfrightening,andthelittleboyisfrightened.站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕,小男孩吓着了。◆Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。looking【典例】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64.__________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel65.________(challenge).[解析]考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challengedadj.受到挑战的;challengingadj.困难的,富有挑战性的。由语境可知,填challenged。[答案]challengedfallenleftbroughtⅠ单句语法填空1.Weseeanoldmansweepingthe__________(fall)leaveseverymorningwhenwepassthepostoffice.2.Ourteacherwasveryworriedbecausetherewasonlyalittletime__________(leave)forustofinishthistask.3.Generallyspeaking,thechildren__________(bring)upbygrandparentstendtofeellonelysometimes.moveddelighteddressedfoundeddesigned4.Yesterdayweweredeeply__________(move)bythemoviedirectedbyZhangYimou.5.Iamvery__________(delight)atthenewsthatmybrothergotfirstplaceinthelongdistancerace.6.Itisamazingthathefellinlovewiththegirl__________(dress)inaredskirtatthefirstsight.7.Asisknowntousall,TsinghuaUniversity,__________(found)in1911,isoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld.8.Theyspenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________(design)bythefamousengineer.inspiredinspiringsatisfiedconfusedconfusingenjoying9.Wewereall__________bythe__________speechmadebythewellknownteacher.(inspire)10.Myparentswere__________(satisfy)withtheplanforoursummervacation.11.The__________expressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasnotabletoworkoutthe______________problem.(confuse)12.Theparkwasfullofpeople,____________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.去掉were或were前加thatadvertising→advertisedinteresting→interestedⅡ单句改错