2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists 3 Section

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Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguagechartpositiverejectenthusiastic重点单词写作词汇1.__________n.图表2.__________adj.积极的;肯定的;确实的3.__________vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃4._____________adj.热情的;热心的constructcontributemovementcautious拓展词汇5.__________vt.建设;修建→constructionn.建设;建筑物6.__________vt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→contributionn.贡献;捐款7.__________n.移动;运动;动作→movev.移动;搬动8.__________adj.小心的;谨慎的→cautionn.小心;谨慎向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)宇宙;世界合作的有创造力的;创造性的;独创的烟火(燃放)阅读词汇9.backwardadv.&adj._________________________________10.spinvi.&vt.______________________11.universen.______________________12.co­operativeadj.______________________13.creativeadj._________________________________14.fireworkn.______________________apartfrom(be)strictwith...makesenseleadtocometoanendattimesmakeroomforberesponsiblefor重点短语1._______________除……之外;此外2.____________________对……严格的3._______________讲得通;有意义4._______________通向;导致5._______________结束6._______________有时7._______________为……腾地方8.____________________对……负责Onlyifyouputthesuntherewiththeplanetsgoingroundit重点句型1.onlyif位于句首引起的倒装句_______________________________(只有你把太阳放在那里)didthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.2.with复合结构Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystem______________________________________(行星围绕着它)andonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Readthepassageandchoosethebestanswer.1.Copernicusfeltconfusedandfrightened,because________.A.hisconclusionwasagainstthatoftheChristianChurchB.hiscalculationswerewrongC.hisfindingswerefortheChristianChurchD.hefailedtoprovehistheory2.Thetheorythattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniversecouldn’texplainthat________.A.GodhadmadetheworldB.alltheplanetsmovedaroundtheearthC.someplanetsappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothersD.theChristianChurchwaspowerful3.ItwasobviousthatCopernicusreachedhisconclusionby________.A.reasoningandimaginationB.observationandcalculationC.observationandimaginationD.calculationandimagination答案:1-3.ACB①revolutionary[ˌrevə'luːʃənərI]adj.革命的;重大变革的②confused[kən'fjuːzd]adj.迷惑的;混乱的③ignore[Iɡ'nɔː]vt.不理睬;忽视④calculation[ˌkælkju'leIʃn]n.计算⑤leadto导致;通向⑥movement['muːvmənt]n.运动;移动;动作⑦makesense讲得通;有意义⑧powerful['paʊəfl]adj.有权势的;有影响力的⑨arise[ə'raIz]vi.出现,发生,产生⑩astronomer[ə'strɒnəmə(r)]n.天文学家⑪backward['bækwəd]adv.&adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)movebackward向后移动⑫loop[luːp]n.圆;环inaloop呈环状⑬workon致力于⑭complete[kəm'pliːt]adj.完整的,完全的⑮privately['praIvItlI]adv.私下地;秘密地⑯fixed[fIkst]adj.固定的;不变的⑰spin[spIn]vi.&vt.(spun,spun)(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)⑱brightness['braItnIs]n.明亮;亮度;聪颖⑲enthusiastic[InˌθjuːzI'æstIk]adj.热心的;热情的beenthusiasticabout对……热心⑳cautious['kɔːʃəs]adj.小心的;谨慎的becautiousabout对……小心谨慎reject[rI'dʒekt]vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃beagainst反对,违背befor支持,赞同replace[rI'pleIs]vt.代替create[krI'eIt]vt.创造;产生obviously['ɒbvIəslI]adv.明显地;显然地COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARY①THEORYNicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused②.Althoughhehadtriedtoignore③them,allhismathematicalcalculations④ledto⑤thesameconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovements⑥oftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense⑦.Yethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerful⑧ChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.◆that...solarsystem为同位语从句,解释说明conclusion的具体内容。◆此处“Only+if引导的条件状语从句”置于句首,主句要用部分倒装结构,主句谓语中的助动词did移至主句主语之前。◆as...suchanidea为as引导的原因状语从句,从句中wouldhavepunished表示对过去将要发生的事情的假设。Theproblemarose⑨becauseastronomers⑩hadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackward⑪andthengoforwardinaloop⑫.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.Thiswasverystrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit.◆Theproblemarose为主句,because...inaloop为because引导的原因状语从句,在原因状语从句中含有that引导的宾语从句。Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlyhisnewtheorycoulddothat.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedon⑬it,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete⑭.◆现在分词短语improving...complete作伴随状语,其中含有until引导的时间状语从句。In1514heshoweditprivately⑮tohisfriends.Thechangeshemadetotheoldtheorywererevolutionary.Heplacedafixed⑯sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinning⑰asitwentroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightness⑱ofthestars.Hisfriendswereenthusiastic⑲andencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious⑳.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurch,soheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.◆hemade...theory为定语从句,修饰先行词Thechanges,关系代词that或which已省略。◆with...theearth为with复合结构,作伴随状语,现在分词短语goingroundit及goingroundtheearth作宾补。◆so连接两个并列分句,表示因果关系;as...in1543为as引导的时间状语从句。Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,whichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentr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