搜索
第一课文化与社会第1课时体味文化Unit1FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar01课前语法感知教材语法感知①“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary，”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.②“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.③“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary？”Anne'ssisteraskedher.→Anne'ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.④“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.⑤“Whenwillwecomebackhome？”Anneaskedherfather.→Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.(1)在直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语有一定的变化，从句中的时态也应作相应变化，如①。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用，如②。if或whetherask(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的引导的宾语从句，如③④⑤。(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为，如②③④⑤。疑问词陈述语序真题语法感悟1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhe(choose)themoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)MannsaidTerrafugia(help)bytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsago.3．(2017·浙江高考)Nearly60%of7to12yearoldssaidthey(feel)tiredduringtheday.chosewashelpedfelt02课堂合作探究直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连接词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接。Thelittlegirlsaid,“Iliketheskirt.”Hesaid(that)hewasnothappy.Heaskedmewhentheirplanewouldland.二、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1．直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.2．直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加if或whether，陈述语序要记住。时态、人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John？”→Heaskedwhether/ifJohncouldcomethatafternoon.3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动词do，does，did，一定要去掉。“Howdidyoucollectthemoney？”FathersaidtoMary.→FatheraskedMaryhowshehadcollectedthemoney.三、时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态无需变化；若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态应变成相应的某种过去时态。【即景活用1】把下面的直接引语变为间接引语①Hesaid,“Iamproudofmymotherland.”→Hesaidthatwasproudofhismotherland.②“Youarewastingyourtimedaydreaming！”hesaidtoMary.→HetoldMarythatwaswastinghertimedaydreaming.heshe③Isaid,“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”→IsaidthatIhersomeadvicethenextday.④“Youhavealreadydoneyourduty，”hesaidtoher.→Hetoldherthatshealreadydoneherduty.wouldgivehad四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化Sheasked,“Isthisbookhis？”(直接引语中用this)→Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwashis.(间接引语中改为that)“I'llbeverybusytoday，”saidtheman.(直接引语中用today)→Themansaidhewouldbeverybusythatday.(间接引语中改为thatday)【即景活用2】将下列句子改为间接引语①Theysaid,“Wearrivedthismorning.”→Theysaidthattheyhadarrived.②Johnsaid,“Iwrotebacktellinghimaboutityesterday.”→Johnsaidthathehadwrittenbacktellinghimaboutit.③Hesaid,“It'steno'clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasteno'clock.thatmorningthedaybeforethen名师点津(1)若在当地转述，here不必改为there,come不必改为go;若在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow等也不必改变。(2)人称代词的变化规律①“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。②“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。③“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”1．直接引语如果描述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.2．直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变。Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1990inBeijing.”→Hesaidthathewasbornin1990inBeijing.3．主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。Hesays,“TomisgoodatChinese.”→HesaysthatTomisgoodatChinese.4．在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语动词为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时这些时态通常不变。Hesaid,“Iwaslisteningtomusicwhenshecamein.”→Hesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicwhenshecamein.5．当直接引语是名人名言时，从句时态不变。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Hesaidwherethereisawill,thereisaway.【即景活用3】将下列句子改为间接引语①“Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld，”saidMrSmith.→MrSmithsaidthatChinathebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.②Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”→Theteachersaidthatthesunbiggerthanthemoon.isis