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SectionⅢGrammar—限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现①ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.②Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellowbrowncolourlikehoney.③However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.④Later,CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.⑤Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.⑥ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKönigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.[我的发现](1)例句①中含which引导的定语从句；例句②中含which引导的定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有。(2)以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有；含限制性定语从句的有。非限制性限制性逗号①③⑥②④⑤一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与先行词之间不用逗号隔开与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开功能与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或代词先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分引导词可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，且其他引导词不能省略翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列的分句Thegirlwholikesexpensivebagsworkshardtokeepherjob.(who引导的限制性的定语从句，与主句之间无逗号)这位喜欢昂贵包包的女孩为保住自己的工作而努力着。Hisbrother,wholivesinLondon,willgotoAmericanextweek.他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。[点津](1)限制性定语从句对先行词有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。若将此从句省掉，句意会不完整。Taobaoisawebsitewhereyoucanbuywhatyouwantatagoodprice.(where引导的限制性的定语从句)淘宝是一个你能以一个合理的价格买到你想要的东西的网站。(2)非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不是十分密切，只是作附加说明，不起限制作用，往往有逗号与主句隔开。Therearemanyhighbuildingsalongtheriver,wherethereusedtostandrowsoftrees.(where引导的非限制性的定语从句)沿河有很多的高楼，过去这儿是成排的树。(3)which引导非限制性定语从句时不置于句首。Thestubborngirlwillnevergiveintoanydifficulty,whichhasmadehercharactermorecharming.(which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句表达内容)这个倔强的女孩永不屈服于任何困难，这一点令她的性格更为迷人。即时演练1单句语法填空①Theoldwomanwaslookingforsomeone,shecouldaskforhelp.②Thenovel,Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.③Theyoungmanstolethecarwasputintoprison.④Hissonhasmadegreatachievementsinhiswork,madehimveryproud.⑤Ihavetoldhimthereason,forIwaslatethismorning.whichwhomthat/whowhichwhich二、非限制性定语从句中需要注意的几个问题1．非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。Theyaretalkingaboutthenewlyopenedmarket,inwhichyoucanbuyallthatyouneed.他们正在讨论新开放的市场，在那里你能买到你所需的一切。Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,mostofwhomarefromabroad.我邀请了100多位朋友参加宴会，他们中大多数来自国外。[点津]the＋名词＋ofwhom/which可换为：ofwhom/which＋the＋名词或whose＋名词。TajMahalwasbuiltwithmarble,thecolourofwhich(＝ofwhichthecolour/whosecolour)iswhite.泰姬陵是由玛瑙建成，玛瑙的颜色是白色的。2．在“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择原则。(1)根据介词与动词的搭配关系Therearesomedetailsintheproject,aboutwhichthemanagercaresmuch.(careabout)在这项工程里有一些细节，对此经理非常关心。(2)根据介词与形容词的搭配关系Iintroducedsomesubjectstoher,inwhichshemaybeinterested.(beinterestedin)我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对此感兴趣。(3)根据介词与先行词的关系Thepresidentsaidthathedidn'tneedanyreason,forwhichtheplancouldn'tbecarriedout.(foranyreason)董事长说他不需要任何计划不能得到执行的理由。(4)根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系Therestandsabuildingoverthere,theelevatorsofwhichoftengooutoforder.那里矗立着一座楼，这座楼的电梯经常出故障。3．as,which引导非限制性定语从句区别aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义正如这，那功能连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句Asweallknow,thesituationoftherealestateinthistownischanging.(as引导非限制性定语从句)众所周知，这个城镇的房地产形式在发生变化。Hissuccesshashitthewholecountry,whichhisfamilymembersareproudof.(which引导非限制性定语从句)他的成功轰动全国，他的家人以此为傲。即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①Therewasaprisonontheisland,whichnobodyescaped.②Hehasmadegreatprogressinhiswork,whichhisparentsfeelproud.③Sometimeswemaybeinasimilarsituation,whichwehaveeverbeen.fromofin2－2.完成句子④Theyhaveboughtanapartmentrecently,(＝)facesouth.最近他们买了一套公寓，公寓的两个房间朝南。⑤,_theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。tworoomsofofwhichtworoomswhichAsweallknow[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.2．(2019·天津高考改编)Theirchildisatthestage_______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.whichwhere3．(天津高考改编)Kate,sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.4．(全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.5．(全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithhereducation.whosewhichwho6．(天津高考改编)Myeldestson,worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.7.(全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.whosewhen[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Betweenthelecturesis20minutes'break,thestudentscangetrelaxed.2．ThereistoomuchinformationontheInternet,someofisunreliable.3．Theprojectisbasedonanagreement,oneofpurposesistoensurethattheprojectcanbeaccomplishedbeforethedeadline.whichwhenwhose4．isreportedinthenewspaper,theairpollutioninsomebigcities,suchasBeijingandWuhan,hasbecomemoreandmoreserious.5．Nowadays,itiscommontoseepeoplestaringattheirmobilephonesinsteadofreadingarealbook,whichmanyexpertsareworried.6．Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.7．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson,whomshecouldturnforhelp.Asaboutwhichto8．ImadefriendswithTomduringhisstayinBeijing,hewasstudyingChineseinauniversitythere.9．iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddl