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SectionⅣGrammarUnit1Art虚拟语气(Ⅰ)1．(教材P2)Iftherulesofperspective________________(notdiscover),noone________________(be)abletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.答案：hadnotbeendiscovered；wouldhavebeen2．(教材P2)Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,we_____________(notbe)abletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.答案：wouldnotbe3．(教材P3)Therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstyles____________(notexist)．答案：mightnotexist4．(教材P5)IfSam____________here,he____________soexcitedaboutmeetingafamousscholarintheflesh.(be)答案：were；wouldbe虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，主要用在if条件句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句等中。1．虚拟条件句的三种基本情况根据时间点的不同可将虚拟条件从句和主句的谓语动词形式分为三种情况：虚拟条件句虚拟情况条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had＋过去分词)would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反①一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)②should＋动词原形③wereto＋动词原形would/should/might/could＋动词原形(1)对过去的虚拟◆Iftheweatherhadbeenniceyesterday,wewouldhavegoneforapicnic.如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。◆Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthebus.假如你早来一点的话，你就有可能赶上公共汽车了。①在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，可以将条件句中的if省略，把助动词had提前。◆IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.→HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功。②句型“Haditnotbeenfor...”意为“当时要不是……”。◆Haditnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,wewouldhavebeenlostintheforest.当时要不是您及时的帮助，我们就可能在森林中迷失了方向。【即时演练1】——单句语法填空/改为倒装句①Heisveryclever.Ifhe__________(spend)lesstimeplayingvideogames,hewouldhavegonetocollege.②Ifhehadcaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.→_______________________________________________________________________________hadspentHadhecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2)对现在的虚拟/将来的虚拟◆Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我弟弟在这儿，一切都会好的。(与现在事实相反)◆Iftheweatherwerefinenow,wewouldhaveapicnic.如果现在天气好的话，我们就会去野餐了。(与现在事实相反)◆Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。(与将来事实相反)◆IfIweretodothejob,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.要是我来做这项工作，我会用一种不同的方法。(与将来事实相反)【即时演练2】——单句语法填空①IfI________(be)MinisterofEducation,Iwouldcarryouttheeconomicreformandhelpstudentsrelievestress.②Ifeveryoneinthecountry________(know)firstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.③IfI________________________(go)toBeijingtomorrow,Iwouldcallyou.wereknewwent/shouldgo/weretogo2．虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这种叫含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有incase万一；以防butfor要不是otherwise否则or否则orelse否则；要不然◆Withoutair,therewouldn’tbelivingthingsintheworld.要是没有空气，世界上就没有生物。◆Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.要不是你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。3．错综条件句中的虚拟语气在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。◆Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.如果昨天夜里下了雨，今天会很冷。(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)◆IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavechosentotakethejob.如果我是你，我当时就选择接受这份工作。(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设)【即时演练3】——单句语法填空①Withoutmusic,theworld________(be)adullplace.②Butforyourhelp,I________________________(fail)intheexperiment.③Ifwe________________(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.wouldbewouldhavefailedhadbooked1．wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式如下：虚拟情况从句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had＋过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might＋动词原形宾语从句中的虚拟语气◆Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。◆IwishIhadinterviewedthestaratthepressconference.真希望我在记者招待会上采访了那位明星。◆Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。◆Isincerelywishthatyoucouldsparemesometimetochatwithme.我真切地希望你能抽出些时间跟我聊一聊。2．wouldrather后的宾语从句的虚拟语气：虚拟情况从句谓语动词形式对过去情况的虚拟had＋过去分词对现在或将来情况的虚拟过去式(be用were)◆Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruthnow.我宁愿你现在跟我说真话。◆Iwouldratheryoupreparedthedinnernow.我宁愿你现在就准备晚餐。◆Iwouldratheryouhadn’tcomeyesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有来。【即时演练4】——单句语法填空①(2018·江苏卷)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.②Jackwishedthathe______________(study)businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.③Iwouldratheryou______________(attend)Mary’sbirthdaypartylastnight.hadhadstudiedhadattendedⅠ单句语法填空1．IfI_________(be)you,Iwouldrefusetogoclimbingonrainydays.2．IfJohnson___________________________________(visit)ProfessorLintomorrow,IwouldaskJohnsontosayhellotohimforme.3．Myfriendisvisitingmethisweekend,butIwouldratherhe__________(come)nextweekend.4．I’mnotapainter.IfIwereafamouspainter,I____________(hold)paintingexhibitions.werevisited/weretovisit/shouldvisitcamewouldhold5．IfI_____(have)alargeamountofmoney,Iwoulduseittohelpthoseintrouble.6．IfI________________________________________(become)afamoussingerinthefuture,Iwouldholdconcertsallovertheworld.7．It’sapitythatIcan’treachHenry.IwishI__________(know)hisnumber.8．Iwishyou__________(be)morerespectfultoyourfather.9．IwishI_______________(take)heradviceyesterday.10．Iwouldratheryou_______________(attend)theopeningceremonybecauseyouridolwasthere.hadbecame/shouldbecome/weretobecomeknewwouldbehadtakenhadattendedⅡ单句改错1．IfIhavelotsofmoney,Iwouldbuildaschoolinthemountainvillage._______________2．It’stoodifficultformetofinishthetaskinthreedays.IwishIamgivenmoretime._______________3．IfIwereyou,Iwillplantsomeflowersandtreesinthelittlegarden._______________4．IwishIcandosomethingtomakeeveryonel