搜索
SectionⅢGrammar—名词性从句语法图解探究发现①ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.②However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.③ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.④Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.⑤Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.[我的发现](1)以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。(2)名词性从句在句中可作的宾语(句①)，动词的(句③)。(3)名词性从句在句中可作，且可用it作主语，真正的主语从句置于句末(句②、⑤)。(4)名词性从句在句中可作(句④)。名词介词宾语主语形式表语一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身则放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等。1．that引导的主语从句that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，无任何含义，只起连接作用，但that不能省略。that从句很长时，有时可用it作形式主语。Thatshepassedtheexammadeusveryhappy.她通过了考试使得我们非常高兴。Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.＝Itsurprisedusallthathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttime.他能在这样短的时间内写完作文让我们感到吃惊。[常用句型](1)Itbe＋形容词(possible,strange,natural,important,necessary...)＋that从句Itisnecessarythatpeopleshouldlearntofacethereality.人们有必要学会面对现实。(2)Itbe＋名词词组(apity,afact,awonder,anhonour,nowonder...)＋that从句Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。(3)It＋不及物动词(seem,occur,happen...)＋that从句ItoccurredtomethatIwouldtraveltoEurope.我突然想到要去欧洲旅行。(4)Itbe＋过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)＋that从句Itisreportedthathehaswonthegame.据报道他赢得了比赛。即时演练1把下列句子改为含有主语从句的复合句①Englishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage,whichisafact.→②Thatweallshouldattendthemeetingisimportant.→③Youdidn'tgotoseesuchawonderfulplay.It'sapity.→It'sapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseesuchawonderfulplay.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.2．whether/if引导的主语从句whether连接从句时，从句的句意完整，但是语气不肯定，表示怀疑。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.＝Itisstillaquestionwhether/ifhewillcome.他是否会来仍然是个问题。Whetherhe'llcometothemeetingornotmakesnodifference.＝Itdoesn'tmakeanydifferencewhetherhe'llcometothemeetingornot.他是否会来并不重要。即时演练2单句改错①Iftheplanwillbecarriedoutisstillunknown.②Thathepassedtheexamwasnotcertain.3．wh引导的主语从句which,whichever,when,whenever，what,whatever,why,how等均称为wh引导词，它们可以引导主语从句。That→WhetherIf→WhetherHowhegottheprizeisknowntoall.所有人都知道他是如何获奖的。Whathesaidatthemeetingwasveryinspiring.他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。WhyTomwaslateisstillunknown.汤姆迟到的原因仍然不明。[点津]如果是疑问句，就只能用it作形式主语。Hasn'titbeendecidedyetwhenandwherewe'llholdthesportsmeet?我们何时何地开运动会还未决定吗？即时演练3单句语法填空①surprisesmemostisthatheistoovain.②I'llhavemydinnerdependsonthemoneyinmypocket.③partofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.④Ithinkimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.⑤thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.⑥oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.WhicheverWhatWhereWhichwhatWhen在复合句中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)和某些形容词的宾语。二、宾语从句1．that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that只起引导词作用，在句中不作成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。如果从句是并列句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略，第二个分句前的that不能省略。Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmaterial.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。Hesaid(that)thetextwasimportantandthatweshouldreciteit.(第二个that不能省略)他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该背诵它。2．if/whether引导的宾语从句动词后的宾语从句用if或whether引导均可，但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。Couldyoutellmewhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?你能告诉我澳大利亚的冬天是否会下雪？Everythingdependsonwhetheryouareforit.每件事情都取决于你是否赞成它。3．wh引导的宾语从句who/whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how等引导宾语从句时，在从句中担当一定的成分，从句要用陈述语序。Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.注意老师说的话。Wehaven'tdecidedwhenwe'llsetoffforhome.我们还未决定何时动身回家。4．宾语从句的注意事项(1)如果动词宾语后有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。(2)在like,enjoy,love,hate,take等表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词后跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我认为你会赞成我们的。(3)demand,order,suggest,advise,insist,request等表示“要求、命令、建议”的动词后的宾语从句的谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。(4)若主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，且句子为一般现在时，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。(5)时态的呼应与语序在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：①如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring?你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？Doyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastnight?你知道他昨晚八点和谁一起说话吗？②如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday.他说他明天将来看我们。IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBeijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。③如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast.老师说太阳从东方升起。即时演练4(1)用适当的连词填空①Itisdifficultforustoimaginelifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.②Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.③HehastoldmehewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.④Itdependsonyoucandotheworkwell.whetherwhathowthat(2)完成句子⑤Theteachersuggested(我们读完)thenovelinfiveminutes.⑥Idon't(喜欢)youhaveinvitedustosuchaboringactivity.⑦Wehaven'tdiscussedyet(我们打算在哪儿放置)ournewfurniture.⑧We(认为可能)wecanreachthetopofthem