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Unit1AlandofdiversitySectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints记单词记短语记句型3基础梳理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1._____________n．说明；阐明2._______n.海峡3._______adj.北极的；北极区的4.______n.手段；方法5._________n.(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责illustrationstraitArcticmeansministry6.__________n．&v.冒险7._________n.苦难；困苦8.________adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的9._____n.铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条10._____n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期11._________n.飞行器；航空器；飞机adventurehardshipfederalrailboomaircraft拓展词汇12.________adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→____________n．区分；差别；卓著13.__________v．移民；移居→____________n．移民；移居入境→__________n．移民；外侨14._________n．大多数；大半→______adj.较大的；主要的；重要的；主修的vi.主修；专攻n.主修科目；专修学生distinctdistinctionimmigrateimmigrationimmigrantmajoritymajor15.______vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→_________n．选举16.___________n．百分比；百分率→________n．百分之……17._______adj.人种的；种族的→_____n．民族；种族；比赛electelectionpercentagepercentracialrace重点短语1．________继续存在；继续生存2．___________不辜负3．_______________用……办法；借助……4．____________而且；此外5．__________________除了……之外(还)……6．__________________向……宣战7．____________习惯于新的生活方式、工作等liveonliveuptobymeansof...inadditioninadditionto...declarewaron...makealife8．____________________在十九世纪晚期9．________坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)10．_________远离……11．_______________成为……的家园12．________________把……吸引到……13．____________不久；很快14．____________很久以前inthelate19thcenturykeepupkeepoffbecomehometoattract...to...beforelonglongbefore重点句型1.what引导的名词性从句在句中作介词的宾语Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedin_________________asCalifornia,noonereallyknows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。whatwenowknow2．Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因”____________todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。Thatiswhy3．Itisbelievedthat...“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句____________________beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。Itisbelievedthat联想微空间1.v.＋ion→n.①operate→operation手术②celebrate→celebration庆祝③pollute→pollution污染2．“多数与少数”面面观①majoradj.主要的②majorityn.大多数；大半③inthemajorityof...占多数④minoradj.少数的；次要的⑤minorityn.少数；少数派/人⑥intheminorityof...占少数3．n.＋al→adj.①culture→cultural文化的②person→personal个人的③region→regional地区的研词汇析句型练拓展4要点透析1．meansn．手段；方法(单复数同形)[教材原文]ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。[归纳拓展]bymeansof用……办法；借助……byallmeans当然可以；一定；务必bynomeans(＝notatall)绝不；一点都不bythismeans通过这种方式byanymeans无论如何[温馨提示]bynomeans用于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。[基础训练]——单句语法填空①Everypossiblemeans_______________(try),butnonehasworked.②Allpossiblemeans________________(try),butnonehasworked.③Weexpressourthoughtsbymeans___wordsandbodylanguage.④Someresearcherspointoutthatdaydreamingis__meansofrelaxation.hasbeentriedhavebeentriedofa[能力提升]——完成句子⑤此外，惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。→Furthermore,punishment_____________________________tohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.→Furthermore,______________________________________tohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.(倒装)isbynomeansawisechoicebynomeansispunishmentawisechoice2．majorityn．大多数；大半(常与the连用)[教材原文]OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。[归纳拓展]by/withamajority以多数；大半beinthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数amajorityoversb.超过某人的票数[巧学助记][温馨提示]themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；“themajorityof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“themajorityof＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。[基础训练]——单句语法填空/单句改错①IgraduatedfromPekingUniversityand________(majority)ininformationmanagement.②Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersisagainstit.________[能力提升]——完成句子③在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。Thewhiteare________________inAustraliawhilethenativepeople________________.majoredis→areinthemajorityintheminority3．inaddition另外；此外；而且[教材原文]Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.此外，有许多人死于由欧洲人带来的疾病。[归纳拓展](1)inadditionto除……之外(还)(2)add...to...把……加到……addto增加；增添addup把……加起来addupto总共是；总计为[基础训练]——单句语法填空①Inaddition____thenamesonthelisttherearesixotherapplicants.②Thebadweatheradded___thesailors'difficulties.③Add___allthemoneyIoweyou.④Themoneyhespentaddedup___morethan$1,000.totoupto4．settlein迁入(新居、新环境)；安居[教材原文]Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在现在我们称作美国的西北沿海地区居住下来。[归纳拓展](1)settlementn．殖民，移民；定居点；解决；协议settlern.移民；殖民者(2)settledown定居下来settle(down)tosth.安下心来做某事Thatsettlesit.那好，事情就这样定了。[基础训练]——单句语法填空①Later,menbegantosettle___theplaceswherethefoodandwaterwereplentiful.②Afteryearsoftravelling,theydecidedtosettle_____here.indown5．keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)[教材原文]In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.1911年丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。[归纳拓展]keepoff使……不接近keepone'stemper忍住怒火keepone'sword守信；遵守诺言keepupwith跟上；不落后keepintouchwith与……保持联系keepaneyeon...照看；留意；密切注视keep...from(doing)sth.阻止某人做某事keepawayfrom远离；勿靠近[基础训练]——单句语法填空①WhatbothersmeisthatIcan'tkeep___withothers.②Theyallkeepusf