Unit1Alandofdiversity[话题导读]导语:受美国繁荣的吸引,人们希望移民到美国,很多人想方设法偷渡美国,其中横渡的艰辛是显而易见的。当然,不少人经过努力打拼,过上了更好的生活。ImmigratetoAmericaAttractedbytheboominAmerica,mynephewteamedupwithaKoreantoillegallycrosstheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmerica.ToavoidtheCustoms'punishment,theyhidinasmallferrycalledtheNorthPoleSeagull,sittingbacktobackwithoutsleeping,showeringandshavingfor3days,andhadnochancetomourntheirlostluggagewhenlanding.Thehardshipofthiscrossingwasapparent.Atfirst,hemadealivingbymeansofraisingcattleandthenwashiredintheaircraftindustry.HelivedinaCatholicdistrict.ApartfromasmallpercentageofPakistaniimmigrants,themajorityoftheresidentswerefromItalyandDenmark,whoallkeptuptheircustomsandcultures.Differentblockshereweredistinctlymarkedoutfromtheracialangle.Itwasunfairandneededreforming.Butwithnowhereelsetogo,mynephewlivedonandmanagedtomakealifeforhimself.Mynephew'sfortunecamewhenhebravelyhelpedaconductorbrake(刹车)atramtostopitfromslippingoutoftherails.ThemanwaselectedvicechairmanoftheSocialistPartylater.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecouldgraspthisopportunitytoaskforhishelp.ThemanwhowasthankfulhelpedhimapplyfortherighttoliveinAmericabyinsertinghisbravedeedintohisdocuments.Unlikeagreatmanyotherapplicants,hisapplicationwasapprovedbytheFederalJusticeMinistry.Beforelong,hestartedhisownbakeryandlivedabetterlife.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Prereading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]CALIFORNIACaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation①.Italsohasthedistinction②ofbeingthemostmulticultural③stateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld④.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrants⑤liveon⑥intheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia⑦.NATIVEAMERICANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago⑧.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStrait⑨intheArctic⑩toAmericabymeansof⑪alandbridgewhichexistedinprehistoric⑫times⑬.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered⑭greatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition⑮,manydiedfrom⑯thediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans⑰.However,somesurvived⑱theseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCalifornia⑲thaninanyotherstate.THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland⑳.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates○21.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia○22,themajority○23werereligiousmen,whoseministry○24wastoteachtheCatholic○25religiontothenatives○26.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefrom○27Spain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaron○28Mexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA○29,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhy○30todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.RUSSIANSIntheearly1800s○31,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska○32,begansettlingin○33California.Todaythereareabout25,000RussianAmericans○34livinginandaround○35SanFrancisco○36.GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmericanMexicanwar○37,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.Thenadventurers○38fromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealife○39forthemselvesdespite○40greathardship○41.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelected○42tobecomethethirtyfirstfederal○43stateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.LATERARRIVALSAlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherail○44networkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughteven○45largernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,ChineseAmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentage○46havechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeles○47andSanFrancisco○48.OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians○49,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmark○50establishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsup○51theirDanishculture○52.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood○53,California.Theindustryboom○54attractedEuropeansincluding○55manyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico○56.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraft○57industries.MOSTRECENTARRIVALSInmorerecentdecades,Californiahasbecomehometo○58morepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans○59,Cambodians○60,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe197