2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 6 War and Peace Section Ⅰ I

Module6WarandPeace[话题导读]自有人类以来，战争便随之而生，我们能不能期望，将来的某一天，战争能从人类社会中销声匿迹？LivingwithoutwarIsitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientpracticewhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysbadandusuallyfoolish,butinthepast,thehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernclevernesshaschangedthis.EitherManwillendtheexistenceofwar,orwarwillendtheexistenceofMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceededinendingtheexistenceofnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinendingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalproblemsinanewwaynotascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbysettlinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Therearethosewhosaythattheacceptanceofthisorthatideology(意识形态)wouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeabigmistake.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmaticstatements(强词夺理)whichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theirsupportersbelieveinthemsodeeplythattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.Themovementofworldopinionduringthepastfewyearshaschangedverygreatlyaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplace(老生常谈)thatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremainintheworld,butthespiritinwhichtheyarecomingnearertoisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.IthasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantstrugglenowadaysisnotbetweendifferentcountriesbutbetweenManandtheatombomb.SectionⅠIntroduction&VocabularyandReading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]TheD­DayLandings—Passage1InSeptember1939,Britaindeclaredwaron①GermanyafterGermanyinvaded②Poland.Thewar,whichlasted③until1945④，isknownas⑤theSecondWorldWar.Duringthewar,Germanyoccupied⑥manycountries,includingFrance.ThemostimportantbattleofthewarinEuropewasOperation⑦Overlord,themilitaryoperationin1944toinvadeFrance.OperationOverlordstartedwhenboatsfullof⑧soldierslandedonthebeaches⑨ofNormandyinFrance,knownastheD­Daylandings.Morethan5,000shipscrossedtheEnglishChannel,carrying130,000troops⑩totheFrenchcoast⑪.TroopsfromtheUnitedStates,BritainandCanadatookpartin⑫theD­Daylandings.Theoperationwasextremely⑬dangerousandmanysoldierswerekilledbeforetheyevengotofftheboats.Americansoldiersattemptedtoland⑭atthemostdangerousplace,knownasOmahaBeach.ThesituationatOmahaBeachwassobadthat⑮theUSarmycommanders⑯thoughtaboutabandoning⑰theinvasion.Eventually⑱，thesoldiersmadeabreakthrough⑲andtheD­Daylandingsweresuccessful.ItwasthebeginningoftheendoftheSecondWorldWar.OperationOverlordstartedasastoryofdangerandconfusion⑳andendedasastoryofbraveryandactsofheroism○21.TheD­DayLandings—Passage2ThesoldiersofAbleCompanycrossedtheEnglishChannelinsevenboatsearlyonthemorningof6June1944.Whentheywereabout5kilometresfromthebeach，theGermansstartedfiringartillery○22shells○23at○24thembuttheboatsweretoofaraway.TheGermanscontinuedfiringandBoat5washitonekilometrefromthebeach.Sixmendrowned○25beforehelparrived.Twentymenfellinto○26thewaterandwerepickedup○27byotherboats.Asaresult○28，theymissedthefightingonthebeach.Theywerelucky.Iftheyhadreachedthebeach,theywouldprobablyhavebeenkilled○29.WhenBoat3wasafewmetresfromthebeach,thesoldiersjumpedout,butthewaterwassodeep○30thatsomeofthemdisappearedunderthewater.Manyofthemenwereeitherkilledor○31wounded○32bymachinegunfire.ThesoldiersonBoat1andBoat4jumpedintothewater,butitwastoodeepandmostofthemdrowned.Halfanhourafterthefirstattack○33，twothirds○34ofthecompany○35(acompanyisagroupofabout100soldiers)weredead.Thesurvivors○36layonthebeach，exhausted○37andshocked○38.Afteranhourandforty­fiveminutes,sixofthesurvivorstriedtoclimbuptheclifftogetoff○39thebeach.Fourweretooexhaustedto○40reachthetop.Theothertwo，Private○41JackSheferandPrivateThomasLovejoy,joinedagroupfromanothercompanyandfoughtwiththem.Twomen.Tworifles.ThiswasAbleCompany'scontributionto○42D­Day.TheD­DayLandings—Passage3On6June2004，survivorsoftheD­DaylandingsfrommanydifferentcountriesreturnedtoFrancetoremembertheirlostcomrades.Manyofthemwenttothecemetery○43andmemorial○44whichoverlooks○45OmahaBeach○46.Thecemeteryandmemorialaresituatedon○47acliffoverlookingthebeachandtheEnglishChannel,fromwheretheboatsattemptedtheirlandings.Thecemeterycontainsthegraves○48of9,386Americanswhodiedduringthelandings○49.Thememorialalsocontainsthenamesofmorethan1,500menwhowereneverfound○50.Onthememorial,thereispartofapoemcalled“FortheFallen”，whichwaswrittenbyanEnglishpoet○51，LawrenceBinyon：Theyshallnotgrowold,aswethatareleftgrowold.Ageshallnotweary○52them,northeyearscondemn○53.Atthegoingdown○54ofthesunandinthemorningWewillrememberthem.Thepoemwasfirstpublished○55inTheTimesnewspaperon14September1914andcanbeseenonwarmemorials○56inmanypartsoftheworld.[再记住]①declarewaron向……宣战②invade[Ιn'veΙd]v.入侵；侵略③last[lɑːst]v.持续④which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰thewar。⑤bekn