2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Ⅱ Gram

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06OldandNewPeriodⅡGrammar基础巩固认真观察下列句子,并体会非限制性定语从句的用法1.MaoZedongwroteapoem________hedreamedof“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerisesinthenarrowgorges”.2.TheThreeGorgesDam,________isthebiggestconstructionprojectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal,hasbeenbuilttocontrolflooding.3.SunYat­sen,________wastheleaderofthe1911Revolution,firstsuggestedtheideaofadamacrosstheYangtzeRiverin1919.4.Morethanamillionpeople________livedintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.答案1.inwhich2.which3.who4.who精讲精练一、非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的特点非限制性定语从句可以修饰一个词,短语,也可以修饰一个句子,对所修饰的部分起补充或附加说明的作用。书写时,用逗号和主句分开,即使省略,也不影响主句意义的完整。HegavemeabookonEnglish,whichisveryuseful.他给了我一本关于英语的书,这本书很有用。Tom,whoisverygoodatEnglish,isalwayshelpingothers.汤姆总是乐于助人,他很擅长英语。Thebook,whichheboughtforme,isveryuseful.这本书很有用,这是他给我买的。注意:that不可以引导非限制性定语从句,且作宾语的关系代词也不可以省略。2.表示“……中的一部分或全部时”,要用“名词/数词+ofwhom(指人)/which(指物)”。Hehasthreebrothers,twoofwhomaredoctors.他有三个哥哥,其中两个是医生。Ihavetwonewpens,bothofwhichareblue.我有两只新钢笔,两只都是蓝色的。3.表示地点的“介词短语+whom(指人)/which(指物)”。Wecametoahouseatlast,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.最后我们来到一座房子,在房子的前面坐着一位老人。Onthewaytowork,Imetayoungwoman,atthefootofwhomlayalittledog.在上班的路上,我遇到一位年轻的女士,在她的脚下躺着一只小狗。4.在定语从句中,whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.Don'tgetclosetothehouse,whoseroofislikelytofallatanytime.不要靠近那座房子,它的房顶随时都有可能掉下来。(其中的whoseroof等于,theroofofwhich=ofwhichtheroof)Theboy,whoseparentsdiedintheearthquake,isverysadnow.那个男孩现在很难过,他的父母在地震中去世了。(其中的whoseparents等于theparentsofwhom=ofwhomtheparents)5.which和as引导非限制性定语从句时,可以指代一个句子,但在意义和位置上有所不同。(1)which引导非限制性定语从句,只能放在主句的后面,常用来表示主句所导致的结果。Hecamehomelate,whichmadehismotherveryangry.他回家很晚,这让他的妈妈很生气。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句,表示说话者的观点、依据,看法。可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面,常译为“正如”。Asweallknow,thesunrisesintheeast.众所周知,太阳在东方升起。Abankwasrobbed,aswasreportedinthenewspaper.正如报纸上报道的那样,一家银行被抢了。6.非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别(1)非限制性定语从句和主句之间有逗号和主句分开。(2)并列句之间有分号;或逗号+并列连词(and/but/for/so等)。对比下面的句子:Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.(定语从句)Hehastwosons,andbothofthemaredoctors.(并列句)Hehastwosons;bothofthemaredoctors.(并列句)他有两个儿子,两个儿子都是医生。二、定语从句的简化如果含有定语从句的复合句很复杂,为了表意清晰,可以把定语从句进行简化。1.关系代词的省略关系代词who,whom,that,which在限制性定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。Couldyoulendmethenovel(which/that)youboughtlastweek?你能借给我你上周买的那本小说吗?注意:关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词位于词尾时,关系代词可以省略,但关系代词紧跟在介词后作宾语时,不能省略。Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith./Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.这是曾与他一起工作过的女孩。2.将定语从句变为非谓语动词(1)定语从句转换成不定式短语Heisagoodcomradewithwhomyoucanwork.→Heisagoodcomradetoworkwith.他是一个很好共事的同志。(2)定语从句转换成现在分词短语Thegirlwhoiscryingbehindthetreeismysister.→Thegirlcryingbehindthetreeismysister.正在树后面哭的女孩是我的姐姐。(3)定语从句转换成过去分词短语Theplanwhichwasdiscussedyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Theplandiscussedyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天讨论的这个计划非常重要。链接高考1.(2018年高考·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.2.(2018年高考·天津卷)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.3.(2017年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.4.(2017年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.5.(2016年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B.C..6.(2016年高考·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.7.(2015年高考·四川卷)Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.8.(2015年高考·重庆卷)Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.答案与解析1.which句意:她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知,此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的事。2.whose句意:凯特到澳大利亚去工作了。读大学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看,本空需要关系词引导定语从句,先行词为Kate,且关系代词在从句中作定语,因此用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句。3.who考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语,wants是主句谓语,因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,从句中缺主语且指人,故填who。4.which考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。5.who考查定语从句的关系词,先行词为孔子(人),故用who,并且who在定语从句中作主语。6.when考查定语从句引导词,先行词为nextweek表时间,在定语从句中作状语,故用when。7.whose'考查定语从句。句意:桌子上封面闪闪发亮的那些书是我们的奖品。先行词为books,关系代词在从句中作名词covers的定语,故用whose。8.which'考查定语从句。句意:他写了很多儿童书籍,差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。先行词为children'sbooks,在从句中作介词of的宾语,故要用which。课堂随练Ⅰ.单句改错1.Hismother,thatlovedhimverymuch,diedlastyear.________________________________________________________________________2.Hesucceeded,asmadehisparentsexcited.________________________________________________________________________3.Hehasmanyfriends,someofthemarefromforeigncountries.________________________________________________________________________4.Wecouldn'tacceptthereasonheexplained,whyhewaslateforschool.________________________________________________________________________5.Istillremembertheplacethatmyfatheronceworked.________________________________________________________________________答案1.that改为who2.as改为which3.them改为whom4.why改为forwhich5.that改为whereⅡ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,________isthebestseasonthere.2.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,________isfamousfortheWestLake?3.TomwillgotoShanghai,________livehistwobrothers.4.Helivesintheroom,thewindow________facestothesouth.5.Shehasthreechildren,allof________areatschool.6.Hesaidthathewasinvited,________wasalie.7.____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