SectionⅢGrammar—复习状语从句语法图解探究发现①Whenheretiredattheageof26,hehadwon106goldmedalsinmajorcompetitionsacrosstheworld.②Buteventhoughhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.③Pleasetakeyourraincoatalongwithyouincaseitrains.④Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.⑤WheneverChineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics,theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuits.⑥Astheleadercomesintothestadiumtorunthelastfewmetresofthe42kilometrerace,thecrowdrisestoitsfeettoshoutandcheer.⑦WhileIdon'tlikehisdesignatall,Iattendedthemeeting.⑧Althoughheisveryold,heknowslittleabouthowtodealwiththiskindofpeople.[我的发现](1)判断上述状语从句的类型:是让步状语从句;是条件状语从句;是时间状语从句。(2)eventhough引导让步状语从句时,可用来替换。②⑦⑧③④①⑤⑥evenif一、时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有:when,as,while,till,until,before,after,since,themoment,assoonas等。1.when,while和as引导的时间状语从句(1)when可表示瞬间时间;与主句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可有先后。(2)while引导的句子中动词常为延续性动词。(3)as指动作或事件同时发生;还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。PleasewritewhileIread.我念的时候,请写下来。AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长,我变得更乐观了。2.till/until引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的应用肯定式,意为“一直到……”,如果是非延续性的要用否定式,意为“直到……才……”。Iwaitedtill/until9:00.我一直等到9点钟。(wait为延续性动作)Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。(gotobed为非延续性动作)[名师点津]在not...until...结构中notuntil位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中,强调until引导时间状语时,常把not提前,构成Itisn't/wasn'tuntil...that...。Itwasn'tuntil11:00pmthathereturnedhome.直到晚上11点他才回家。3.before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未……就……,不到……就……,……才……,趁……还没来得及”时,需用连词before。Hehadputthebrokenvaseawaybeforehismothercameback.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)Itwillbe+时间段+beforesb.do(does)“多久之后才……”。Itwillbe3daysbeforeourmanagersignstheagreement.要3天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时,主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIgotsick.自从我病了以后,他经常给我写信。(4)在“Itis+时间段+since从句”句型中,时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。Itishalfayearsincesheleftourclass.她离开我们班有半年了。(5)since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,说明这一动作或状语的终止,译为“自从该动作结束以来有……时间了。”Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟有三年了。4.引导时间状语从句的名词词组一些表示时间的名词词组,如themoment,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,thenexttime,theminute,theinstant等也可以用来引导时间状语从句,起连词的作用。Everytimehecame,hewouldbringmegoodnews.他每一次来,都会给我带来好消息。ThefirsttimeIwenttoMountTai,Iwasveryhappy.第一次去泰山时,我非常高兴。5.表示“一……就……”的引导词assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...等连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。Immediatelythebellrang,theboysrushedout.铃一响,男孩子们就冲出去了。[名师点津]若把表示否定含义的副词hardly/nosooner等放在句首,则它们所在的主句要部分倒装,且主句要用过去完成时态。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.他刚到就开始下雨了。即时演练11-1.选词填空when,while,as,since,until,before,assoonas,thefirsttime①HewasworkingatthetableIwentin.②Itis/hasbeensixyearsshegraduatedfromuniversity.③Hehadworkedinthefactoryfortenyearsheretired.④Hedidn'tgotobedhefinishedhishomework.⑤FatherwascleaningthecarIwasplayingfootball.⑥I'lltellhimaboutithecomesback.⑦Helensangasongshewashed.⑧IthoughtherkindandhonestImether.whensincebeforeuntilwhileassoonasasthefirsttime1-2.句型转换⑨Ihaven'tseenhimforalmost10years.→Itisalmost10yearshim.⑩Assoonasshewasoutofsightshebrokeintoarun.→shewasoutofsightshebrokeintoarun.⑪Wehadnosoonerstartedthanitbegantorain.→Hardlyitbegantorain.⑫Theprocesswillbecompleteintwoyears.→It'lltheprocessiscompleted.⑬Ididn'trecognizeherbeforeshetookoffhercap.→Irecognizedheroffhercap.sinceIsawThemomenthadwestartedwhenbetwoyearsbeforeaftershetook二、条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if,once,aslongas,unless,onconditionthat,incase等引导。1.if和unless是最常用的条件从句连接词,unless在意义上等于if...not...,并且语气较强。if可用于虚拟条件句。YouwillimproveyouroralEnglishifyoukeeponpractising.如果你坚持练习的话,你将会提高你的英语口语。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupsmokingatonce.(虚拟条件句)如果我是你,我会立即戒烟。You'llfailinFrenchunlessyouworkharder.你要是不再加把劲,法语就考不及格了。2.其他常见的条件状语从句的连接词还有as/solongas(只要),provided/providing(that)(如果),suppose/supposing(假设),oncondition(that)(如果),incase(以防)等。Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.只要你不灰心,你就会成功。Providing/Provided(that)hedoesn'tagreetohelpus,whoshouldweturntoforhelp?如果他不同意帮助我们,我们该向谁求助?Supposing/Supposeyoupromisenottotellanyoneelse,I'llexplainthesecret.如果你保证不告诉任何人,我就把这个秘密解释给你听。[名师点津](1)在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。(2)当条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中有be动词,则可省略从句的主语和be动词。①Youmayusethebook(只要你准时还它).②(如果你请求他),hewillhelpyou.③Youcangoswimming(条件是)youdon'tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.④You'llbelate(除非你早点起床).aslongasyouwillreturnitontimeIfyouaskhimonconditionthatunlessyougetupearlier即时演练2三、让步状语从句让步状语从句由although(though),as,evenif,however,whatever,nomatterwho等词引导。1.whatever,however和nomatterwhat/how这两种形式都可引导让步状语从句,意义无差别。Whatever(Nomatterwhat)happens,wewillnotchangeourminds.无论发生什么事,我们都不会改变想法。However(Nomatterhow)difficulttheworkis,wewilltryourbesttofinishitintime.无论工作多么困难,我们都要尽力及时完成。[名师点津]“疑问词+”除引导让步状语从句外,还可引导主语从句和宾语从句。Hecantellyouwhateveryouwanttoknow.你想要知道什么他都可以告诉你。2.“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as/though”可引导让步状语从句,表示强调。Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsalotaboutlife.尽管他很小,但他对生活懂得挺多。Failashedid,hewouldnevergiveup.尽管失败了,他也决不会放弃。Intelligentstudentasheis,hedoesn'tstudyhard.尽管他是个聪明的学生,但他不努力学习。[名师点津](1)as引导让步状语从句时,动词或现在分词放在句首,谓语要加