2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 5 The Conquest of the Unive

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Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅢGrammar——名词性从句语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①WhatwefindoutfromspaceresearchisimportantforusonEarth.②It'swell­knownthattheancientChineseinventedtherocked.③Wethinkitprobablethatheisdead.④Theteachershowedusthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainedhowgravityworked.1.句①②为从句,句③④⑤为从句,句⑥⑦为从句,句⑧⑨为从句。主语宾语同位语表语⑤Theyinsistedthateveryone(should)cometotheparty.⑥Theproposalthatwe(should)importmoreequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.2.句②③⑥⑧中的引导词为,在从句中不作成分,句①⑨中的引导词为__________,句④⑦中的引导词为___________。3.句②③中使用了作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。it连接词连接代词连接副词⑦Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.⑧Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.⑨Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.4.句中的that可省略,其他句中的that一般不可省略。5.句⑤⑥中的从句使用了___________。虚拟语气⑤语法精要点拨名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类:1.连词:that,whether,if2.连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which3.连接副词:when,where,how,whyThatshebecameanartistwasduetoherfather'sinfluence.她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。Whatwewilldotomorrowdependsontheweather.明天我们做什么得看天气。Whenwearrivedoesn'tmatter.我们什么时候到无关紧要。[名师点津](1)名词性从句中用陈述语序;(2)连词that,whether,if在句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;(3)连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。[即时演练1]用适当的连接词填空①ThevillageisIwasborn.②comestothepartywillbewelcome.③hesaidmademeexcited.WhatwhereWhoever考点二主语从句1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。WheretheEnglisheveningpartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。2.主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。It'sapitythathecan'tattendthemeeting.他不能参加会议,真是遗憾。[即时演练2]用适当的连接词填空①weactuallyneednowisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.②itistrueremainsaquestion.③Hasitbeenannouncedtheplanearetotakeoff?④Itiscertainshewilldowellintheexam.WhatWhetherwhenthat考点三宾语从句1.由连词that引导的宾语从句that在以下情况中不能省略:(1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。Theteachertoldthestudents(that)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignednamesbytheirparents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业,并且作业必须由家长签名。(2)当it作形式宾语时。Shemadeitclearthatithadnothingtodowithher.她表明这件事和她没有任何关系。[名师点津]在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。2.who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于由特殊疑问句转化而来,但应注意句子要用陈述语序。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡是需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。3.if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述语序。whether与if在作“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:(1)引导主语从句并在句首时;(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时;(3)引导从句作介词宾语时;(4)后紧跟“ornot”时;(5)后接动词不定式时。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4.宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应当主句动词是现在时时,从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could,would除外)时,从句则要用相应的过去时态;但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时。TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftforAmerica.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开,去美国了。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。5.否定转移当think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词的主语为第一人称,且本身为一般现在时时其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。Idon'tbelievehe'llcome.我想他是不会来的。[即时演练3]用适当的连接词填空①Everythingdependsonwehaveenoughmoney.②Shealwaysthinksofshecanworkwell.③Idon'tbelievemanwaskilledbyJim,washe?④IfeelitapityIhaven'tbeentotheget­together.⑤Ihateittheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.whetherhowthatthatwhen考点四表语从句引导表语从句的连接词有wh­疑问词,whether,that,because,as,asif,asthough等。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。[名师点津]①当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导。②表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词,如suggestion,advice,recommendation,proposal,demand,requirement,request,order等后面的表语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。③在seem,look,feel,smell,sound,taste等动词后的asif或asthough引导的表语从句中,若从句表示一种假设或与事实不符的情况,从句须用虚拟语气。Ifeltasifmyheadweresplitting.我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。[即时演练4]用适当的连接词填空①Thequestionisweshouldaccepttheirinvitation.②Thisisweputoffthemeeting.③Itlooksitisgoingtorain.④Myhometownisnolongeritusedtobe.whetherwhyasifwhat考点五同位语从句1.同位语从句一般跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea等。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。2.但是当作主语的名词后跟同位语从句,且谓语较短时,为了保持句式平衡,常将同位语从句置于谓语之后。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。[名师点津]同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)定语从句对先行词进行修饰或限定,但它不涉及先行词的具体内容。that引导定语从句,并在从句中充当句子成分(主语或宾语等),在从句中作宾语时可以省略;(2)同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that引导同位语从句时,只起连接作用,没有具体词义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,表明idea的具体内容,不能省略)我不知道你在这里。Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导定语从句,修饰先行词idea,在从句中充当宾语,可以省略)你了解这本书中所展示的古希腊生活吗?[即时演练5]指出下列句中黑体部分是同位语从句还是定语从句1.Thequestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered._______________2.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.3.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句语法应用落实单句语法填空1.Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.3.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.thatthatthat4.ItissuggestedphysicaleducationtestshouldbeincludedaspartoftheNationalCollegeEntranceExam.5.Mr.FrankaskedmeaquestionIcouldgowithhimtowhathecalledtheTreasureHouse.6.breakstheruleswillbe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