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SectionⅢGrammar—限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现①Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.②Bornin476BC,hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.③Thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourteacher.④DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?⑤AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.⑥Butitwasalsoatimewhentherearemanygreatphilosophers.⑦Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasbeenlate?⑧Forexample,itisthecountryinwhichsilkwasfirstinvented.⑨HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.[我的发现](1)①②③④句中黑体部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充当。(2)由③句可知，当关系代词在定语从句中充当时，可以省略。(3)⑤⑥⑦句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当状语。(4)⑧⑨句为引导的定语从句。主语、主语、宾语、定语宾语地点、时间、原因介词＋which/whom一、限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种。1．关系代词的一般用法列表如下：指代在定语从句中所充当的成分关系代词人物句子主语宾语定语表语who√√√whom√√which√√√√√that√√√√√whose√√√as√√√√√√Womenwhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon't.(who作主语)每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女高。Heisthemanwhom/whoIamwaitingfor.(who/whom作宾语，亦可省略)他就是我正在等待的那个人。Pleasefindaroomthatisbigenoughforallofustolivein.(that作主语，指物)请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(which作宾语)这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewasbeforeshewenttocollege.(that作表语，指人)她已不是上大学前的她了。DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent？(whose作定语，指人)你认识那个日语非常优秀的女孩吗？Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(whose作定语，指物)请递给我那本绿色封面的书。Heissuchagoodboyaswealllike.(as作宾语，指人)他是那么好的孩子，我们都喜欢。2．关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)关系代词用that不用which的情况①当先行词是all，everything,nothing,something,anything,much,little,few等不定代词时。Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。②当先行词被序数词修饰时。Thisisthefirsttwostoreybusthatrunsinourcity.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾看过的最有趣的电影。④当先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时。HeistheverymanthatIamlookingfor.他正是我要找的人。⑤当先行词既指人又指事物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？⑥句子中出现which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading?哪本有图画的书值得读呢？(2)关系代词用which不用that的情况①which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。Hewaslateforclassagain,whichmadehisteacherangry.他上课又迟到了，这让他的老师很生气。②which之前可以有介词；that之前则不能有介词。IwillneverforgettheyearinwhichIworkedthere.我永远不会忘记在那儿工作的那一年。3．关系代词as引导的定语从句as可以用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时，主句部分往往出现such,as,so,thesame，as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。Wedothesameworkasthey(do)．我们和他们干同样的活。Ihaveneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.我从来没见过像他那样聪明的人。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①Nobodywantsthehouseroofhasfallenin.②Aletteriswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.whosethat/which③Heisnotthesamemanhewas.④Themanwashereyesterdayisapainter.⑤HeisthemanIsawyesterday.⑥Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryheisusing.1－2.用关系代词that或which填空⑦ThisisthehouseinLuXunusedtolive.⑧ThatisallIwanttosay.⑨ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.aswho/thatwho/whomaswhichthatthat⑩ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.⑪ThisistheverydictionaryIwanttobuy.⑫Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，madehisfatherveryangry.⑬Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonstheyremembered.thatthatwhichthat关系副词指代先行词所充当的成分when时间时间名词状语where地点地点名词状语why原因reason状语I'llneverforgetthedaywhenweoncestayedtogether.我从未忘记我们曾一起度过的那一天。二、限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词的一般用法列表如下：TheguideshowedthetouriststotheroomwhereLuxunwasborn.导游把客人领去看鲁迅出生的那个房间。Thatisthereasonwhyhelosthisjob.这就是他为什么失去工作的原因。[名师点津](1)why引导定语从句时，先行词必须是reason。(2)当先行词是case,point,situation,condition,position等抽象地点时，若从句中不缺少主干成分，要用where引导定语从句。ConstantpracticehaserasedmyaccenttoapointwherepeoplethinkI'manativespeaker.经常练习使我的口音到了一个阶段人们认为我是当地人。(3)当先行词是表示时间或地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词应用that或which；缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。I'llrememberthedaythatIspentwithyoulastyear.我将记住去年我和你一起度过的那一天。I'llrememberthedaywhenIworkedthere.我将记住我在那儿工作的那一天。即时演练22－1.用关系词填空①IstillremembertheyearIbecameacollegestudent.②Istillremembertheyearwespenttogether.whenthat/which③Thatisthereasonheisleavingsosoon.④Thereasonheofferedwasunbelievable.⑤IforgotthehousetheSmithslived.⑥Iforgotthehouseweoftenplayedtogetherin.⑦Thisisapointwemustinsiston.⑧Iwillshowyouthepointyoufail.whythat/whichwherthat/whichthatwhere2－2.完成句子⑨我们绝不会忘记中华人民共和国诞生的那一天。We'llneverforgetthedaythePeople'sRepublicofChina．⑩他工作的办公室在二楼。Theofficeisonthesecondfloor.⑪他没来的原因没有弄清楚。wasnotmadeclear.whenwasfoundedwhereheworksThereasonwhyhedidn'tcome⑫在某些情况下，这条规则不合适。Therearesomecases．⑬从这项工作中你能学到一些东西。Thisisajob.wherethisruleisnotappropriatewhereyoucanlearnsomething三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句，其中的关系代词一般是which和whom，不可用that。1．该结构中有些介词来自从句中的短语动词，这类从句中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以用that，whom，which，who，也可以省略。ThemanwithwhomItalkedjustnowismyfather.＝Theman(that/who/whom)Italkedwithjustnowismyfather.我刚才与之谈话的那个男子是我的父亲。介词如果是定语从句中短语动词的固定部分，要放在动词之后，多半不拆开用。Isthisthebookwhichheislookingfor？(不可将for放在which之前)这是他正在找的书吗？2．在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.我班有54个同学，其中三个来自美国。Theprofessorhasthreesons,allofwhomareteachinginthesameuniversity.教授有三个儿子，他们在同一所大学教书。3．关系副词when,where,why可改为“介词＋which”。I'llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.我永远忘不了我参军的那一天。即时演练33－1.用合适的介词填空①Thespeedwhichlighttravelsis300，000kilometrespersecond.at②Idon'tknowtheoldwomanwhomIgavetheumbrellayesterday.③Iliveinaroomthewindowwhichopenstothesouth.④He