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SectionⅣGrammar&Writing语法专项突破写作能力提升虚拟语气(Ⅰ)①Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment，wouldyouallowcloning?②Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations，theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.③Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained，thecropswouldbesaved.④HadIworkedhard，Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.⑤Wereshemydaughter，Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.⑥ShouldIhavetime，Iwouldcallonher.⑦Iftheyhadstartedearlyyesterdaymorning，theywouldbeherenow.⑧Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations，weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek.⑨Butforyourhelp，wecouldn'thavesucceeded.⑩Shewasn'tfeelingwell.Otherwise,shewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.[我的结论]1．句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。2．句为省略if的虚拟条件句。3．句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。4．句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语或副词等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩butforotherwise一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句[语境感悟]①IfIwereyou，Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.如果我是你，我就立刻戒酒。②IfIhadknownthatitwasgoingtorain，Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.如果我知道下雨，我就不去乡间散步了。③Ifyouwenttherenexttime，youwouldseewhatImean.如果你下次去那儿，你就明白我的意思了。[知识归纳]条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be一般用were)would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反haddonewould/could/might＋havedone与将来事实相反一般过去时/weretodo/should＋动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形二、虚拟语气用于wish的宾语从句[语境感悟]①Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.我们今天去海边就好了。②Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.我们要是早到那里两个小时就好了。③Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.但愿明天天气晴朗。[知识归纳]在wish后的宾语从句中，常常表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气，意为“可惜……”“……就好了”“悔不该……”。(1)对现在情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。(2)对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用had＋过去分词。(3)对将来的主观愿望，从句中谓语动词常用would/could/might＋动词原形。[深化点拨]wish与hope接宾语从句的区别：hope表示一般可以实现的愿望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。①Wehopetheywillcome.我们希望他们会来。②Iwishyouhadn'ttoldmeallthis.我倒希望你当初别把这一切告诉我。三、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1．省略if的虚拟语气[语境感悟]①WereitSundaytomorrow，weshouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。②HadItakenmyfather'ssuggestion，Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。③Shoulditraintomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。[知识归纳]虚拟条件句中若含有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把were，had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。[点津]若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说“Wereitnotfortheexpense，Iwouldgoabroadnow.”但不能说“Weren'titfortheexpense，Iwouldgoabroadnow.”。[即时演练1]句型转换①Ifyouhadgonetotheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.→totheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.②IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.→yourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.③Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.→tomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.HadyougoneHadIknownShoulditrain2．错综时间条件句[语境感悟]①Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance，youwouldn'tbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你提前做好准备，你就不会处于这么尴尬的境地。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)②IfIwereyou，Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)[知识归纳]在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①Ifyou(listen)tomeyesterday,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.②IfI(be)you,Iwouldhaveplantedsometreesroundthehouse.③Ifyou(stick)yourowndreambefore，yourlife(be)differenttoday.hadlistenedwerehadstuckwouldbe3．含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor，without等介词(短语)表示条件。①Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。②Therewasatrafficjamontheway，otherwiseIwouldhavearrivedanhourago.路上堵车，要不然我一小时前就到了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。③Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp，butIwastoobusy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。[即时演练3](1)选词填空：otherwise，or①Iwasillthatday.,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.②Hemusthavebeenthere,henevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(2)一句多译③如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。＝intheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.＝intheworld，peoplewouldliveahappierlife.＝intheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.OtherwiseorIftherewerenowarWeretherenowarWithoutwarⅠ.单句语法填空1．IfIhadgotupearlier，I(catch)thetrain.2．Ifittomorrow，wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeet.3．IfIhadhadtime，Iwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.ButI(be)verybusy.4．Imadeahugemistakeatworkyesterday.Iwouldn'thavemadethemistakeifI(be)morecareful.5．TheInternetplaysanimportantroleinourlife.WithouttheInternet，life(be)quitedifferentnowadays.wouldhavecaughtshouldrain/weretorain/rainedwashadbeenwouldbeⅡ.完成句子1．Whatyoudoifyouinmyplace?假如你处在我的位置上，你将怎么办呢？2．Ifittomorrow,Iwon'tgocamping.如果明天下雨，我就不去野营了。3．Ifshemoney，sheyousome.假如她有钱，她可能会借给你一些。wouldwererainshadmightlend4．IfItothemoonsomeday，Ithesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。5．Iftheyhard，theyintheexam.如果他们学习不那么刻苦，就不会通过考试了。weretogocouldseehadnotstudiedwouldhavefailedⅢ.语法填空“Remember，yourfatherisonlyoneyear1.(old)thanyou.”ThatwasMum'susualexcusewhenDadsaidthewrongwordsordidsomething2.(fool)．olderfoolishDadquitteddrinkingexactlyoneyearbeforeIwasborn.Hejoinedagroupofotherpeople.Hesaidthey3.(stop)drinking，too.Ilovedmydad4.Ihatedthewayhisweeklymeetingstookhimaway5.me.ItseemedthattheyweremoreimportanttohimthanIwas.ButwithmybirthdaycomingupIthoughtDadwouldmakean6.(except)．“Can'tyoumissitjustthistime?Saturdayismybirthday！”Ibeggedhimbut7.(refuse)．Hesaid,“IamchairingthemeetingthisSaturday.WewillhaveyourpartyonSunday.”hadstoppedbutfromexceptionwasrefusedSaturdayeveningIsatonmybed，8.(feel)sorryfo