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SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气(1)语法图解探究发现①Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?②Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.③Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.④HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.⑤Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.⑥ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.⑦Iftheyhadstartedearlyyesterdaymorning,theywouldbeherenow.⑧Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek.⑨Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.⑩Shewasn'tfeelingwell.Otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.[我的发现](1)句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。(2)句为省略if的虚拟条件句。(3)句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。(4)句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语或副词等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩butforotherwise一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用1．虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语形式虚拟语气从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反did(be用were)would/should/could/might＋do与将来事实相反①did(be用were)②wereto＋do③should＋dowould/should/could/might＋do与过去事实相反had＋donewould/should/could/might＋havedoneIfhewereherenow,Icouldaskhimthequestion.如果他现在在这儿，我就能问他这个问题。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedtheexam.如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,IwouldnotgotoBeijing.如果明天下雨，我不会去北京。2．错综时间条件句虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。Ifhehadtoldmeaboutityesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.如果他昨天告诉我这件事，我现在就知道做什么了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。Ifheweretoleave,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.如果他要走，你早就听到这个消息了。3．虚拟条件句的省略和倒装虚拟条件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were,had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。Weremymotherhere,shewouldgivemesomeadvice.如果我母亲在这儿，她会给我一些建议。Hadhetoldmehewouldgotothehospital,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.要是他告诉我他要去医院的话，我就会同他一起去了。Shouldherefusemetomorrow,Iwouldbeverysad.如果他明天拒绝我，我会非常伤心。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①Ifshe(not,read)thebooksabouttheSecondWorldWar,shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestion.②Itwouldbeperfectifthey(be)heretomorrow.③IfI(live)nearmyworkplace,Iwouldwalktoworkeveryday.④Ifheweretofindajobatonce,he(support)himself.⑤Ifyou(listen)tothedoctor,youwouldbefinenow.⑥Hadyouworkedhard,you(pass)thefinaltest.⑦Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingready,we(be)havingaterribletimetomorrow.hadn’treadwerelivedcouldsupporthadlistenedwouldhavepassedwouldbe1－2.句型转换⑧IfIshouldgoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.→,IwouldgotoAmerica.⑨IfIhadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.→aboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.⑩IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologisetohim.→,Iwouldapologisetohim.ShouldIgoabroadHadIknownWereIyou有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文或with,without,or(else),otherwise,butfor等引出的短语中。Myparentslentmemoney.Otherwise,Icouldnothaveaffordedthetrip.我的父母借钱给我了。否则的话我可能付不起这次的旅费。二、含蓄条件句Ididn’tknowthathewasacheat,or(else)Iwouldn’thavebelievedhim.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.没有空气，地球上将没有生物。ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IwouldnothavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.要不是英语老师的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①Withoutexams,we(be)muchhappier.②35passengersdiedinthetrainaccident.Butfortheheroic(英勇的)traindriver,manymorepeople(die)．③Weweredelayedattheairport;otherwisewe(arrive)homebylunchtime.wouldbewouldhavediedwouldhavearrived2－2.完成句子④再给些时间，我们会做得更好。Givenmoretime,weitbetter.⑤要不是你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Butforyourhelp,wetheworkaheadoftime.⑥那天我病了，要不然的话，我会参加运动会的。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Ithesportsmeet.woulddocouldn’thavefinishedwouldhavetakenpartin[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·江苏高考改编)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：多么遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览。否则的话，我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去事实相反的情况，故谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋havedone。would/could/should/mighthavehad2．(2019·天津高考改编)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“Iftheworkershadbeenbetterorganized”，因此后半部分应用“主语＋wouldhavedonesth.”结构。wouldhaveaccomplished3．(2018·北京高考改编)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们再多开几千米的话，他们可能会找到一个更好的旅馆。根据主句的谓语形式“mighthavefound”以及上下文语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示对过去事实的假设。haddriven4．(2018·天津高考改编)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受我们的假期了。根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”以及主句中的“wouldbeenjoying”可知，这是一个错综时间虚拟语气句。从句表示与过去事实相反，故用“had＋动词的过去分词”。hadcaught5．(2017·北京高考改编)Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.解析：句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那起事故就不会发生了。本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。hadbeenput6．(2017·江苏高考改编)(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.解析：句意：要不是老师的帮助，这个学生就克服不了她的困难。根据语境可知，此处使用了虚拟语气，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了倒装结构。wereitnotfor...“要不是……”，相当于butfor或without。Were[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．IfI(be)you,Iwouldattendthemeeting.2．IfIweretogotothemoononeday,I(take)mypetdogwithme.3．Ifyou(miss)theconcerttobegivenbyJayChou,youwouldgreatlyregretit.4．Thankyouforallyourhelp.Idon’tthinkwe(complete)itwithoutyou.5．Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,we(put)offthemeetingtillnextMonday.werewouldtakemissedcouldhavecompletedwouldput6．Ifshe(take)medicin