2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 4 Which English Section Ⅰ I

InternetEnglishTwentyyearsagotheBritishinventorTimBerners­Leecreatedtheworld'sfirstwebpage.Itisworthpausingtoconsidertheextraordinary①influencethathisinventionhashadontheEnglishlanguage.Everydaywordslikegoogle,unfriendandappsimplydidn'texistin1990.Evenmorewordshavehadunexpectedchangesinmeaninginthosetwodecades.IfyouhadmentionedtweetingtoanEnglish­speakerafewyearsago,hewouldhaveassumed②youweretalkingaboutbirdnoises,nottheuseofthemicrobloggingsiteTwitter.Longago,ifsomeonelivedonline,itdidn'tmeantheyspenteverywakingminuteontheInternet,butthattheytravelledaroundwiththerailnetwork.“TheInternetisanamazingmedium③forlanguages，”saidDavidCrystal,honorary④professoroflinguistics⑤attheUniversityofBangor.“LanguageitselfchangesslowlybuttheInternethasspeededup⑥theprocessofthosechangessoyounoticethemmorequickly.”Englishisaremarkably⑦inclusive⑧language,andifwordscontinuetobeusedforatleastfiveyearstheygenerallyendupintheOxfordEnglishDictionary.[多积词汇]①extraordinaryadj.非凡的；特别的②assumev.假定；设想③mediumn.媒介④honoraryadj.荣誉的；名誉的⑤linguisticsn.语言学⑥speedup加速；使加速⑦remarkablyadv.非常地；显著地；引人注目地⑧inclusiveadj.包容广泛的[原文呈现][读文清障]WhichEnglish?Whenyoureceiveaphonecallfromafriend,howlongdoesittakeyoutoknowwhoitis？①①When引导时间状语从句，主句中含有固定句式：Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.“某人花多长时间做某事”。whoitis为宾语从句，用陈述语序。SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现][读文清障]Afewseconds,perhaps.Thequalityofsomeone'svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantly②recognisable③，eventhoughyoucan'tseehimorher④.②instantly/'ɪnstəntli/adv.立即，马上③recognisable/'rekəgˌnaɪzəbl/adj.能辨认的，能认出的④eventhough引导让步状语从句。[原文呈现][读文清障]Inthissense⑤everybody'suseoflanguage—whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother—isdifferent.Youcouldsaythatthereareasmanyvarietiesof⑥English,oranyotherlanguageforthatmatter⑦，astherearespeakersofit.⑤inthissense从这种意义上说⑥varietiesof＝various各种各样的⑦forthatmatter在那方面，就此而论[原文呈现][读文清障]Englishisspokenasanofficiallanguageinmorethan⑧60countriesacrosstheworldanditcansound⑨verydifferentfromplacetoplace⑩.Pronunciation,aswellas⑪grammarandvocabulary,canchangeveryquicklyfromoneareatoanother.⑧morethan(＝over)超过，多于⑨sound听起来。此处soundverydifferent构成系表结构。⑩fromplacetoplace＝fromoneplacetoanother⑪aswellas(＝inadditionto)以及[原文呈现][读文清障]Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialect⑫iscockney⑬.Itisonlyusuallyspokenbypeoplefromtheeastofthatcityso⑭itisnottheonlyformofEnglishyouwillhear⑮.YoucanusuallytellwhichpartoftheEnglish­speakingworldsomeonecomesfrombytheiraccent⑯，andtherearesomeveryrecognisableaccentsalloverBritain.⑰ItisalsoquiteeasytotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart⑱.⑫dialect/'daɪəlekt/n.方言，地方话⑬cockney/'kɒkni/n.伦敦东区土话⑭so“因此，所以”，是并列连词，表示因果关系。⑮youwillhear是定语从句，修饰theonlyformofEnglish，关系代词that省略。⑯bytheiraccent根据他们的口音⑰本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。⑱tell...apart区分开[原文呈现][读文清障]AlthoughmostpeoplebelievethereisarightandawrongwaytospeakEnglish⑲，thereisnotreallyastandardform⑳thateveryonecanagreeon○21.Englishspreadacrosstheworldoverhundredsofyearsbecauseof○22trade,explorationandbusiness,andthisprocessproducedmanydifferentEnglishes.⑲Although引导让步状语从句，该从句中又含有一个宾语从句。⑳that引导定语从句，修饰先行词form。○21agreeon指“(双方或多方协商后)在……方面取得一致意见”。○22becauseof后跟名词(短语)或代词。because后跟句子。[原文呈现][读文清障]Professorsoflinguistics○23，writersandteachersallworryaboutprovidingaperfectmodeltofollow○24butasitissowidelyspoken○25，ithasbecomeimpossibletosaywhichEnglishis“correct”andwhichis“incorrect”○26.○23linguisticsn．语言学○24tofollow作后置定语，修饰model。○25asitissowidelyspoken是原因状语从句。○26and连接两个which引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。[原文呈现][读文清障]Perhapscorrectnessdoesn'tmatter○27—aslongas○28speakerscanunderstandeachother—○29it'scommunicationthatcounts○30.○27matter/'mætə/v.重要，要紧；有关系○28aslongas只要，引导条件状语从句，也可写作solongas。○29强调句型，被强调部分是communication。○30count/kaʊnt/v.很重要；很有价值(＝tobeimportant/valuable)哪种英语？[第1～3段译文]当你接到朋友的电话的时候，你要花多久才能知道对方是谁？或许几秒钟而已。一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他/她。从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语，或者其他任何语言——都是不同的。你可以说，英语，或者就此而论，任何别的语言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。英语在全世界六十多个国家被作为官方语言使用，而且各地的英语听起来差别会很大。发音、语法、词汇在不同的地方都可能会很快发生变化。例如，在伦敦，最著名的方言是cockney(伦敦腔)。通常仅仅是伦敦东部的人说这种方言，因此它绝不是你能听到的唯一一种英语。根据口音，你能够分辨出人们来自英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常明显的口音。要把英式英语和美式英语区分开也很容易。尽管大多数人都相信说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是确实没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已传播到世界各地，在此进程中产生了许多不同种类的英语。语言学教授、作家以及教师都在为提供一种完美的模式而忧虑，但是，由于英语使用如此之广，要想说出哪种英语正确和哪种英语错误已经变得不可能。也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。[原文呈现][读文清障]○31orrather更确切地说(常用作插入语)○32此处是动词不定式的省略形式。为避免重复，作宾语或谓语的一部分的动词不定式再次出现时，往往省略，只保留动词不定式符号to。○33sentthere...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prisoners。AustraliaG'day!D'yaspeakStrine?Orrather○31，Hello!DoyouspeakAustralian?Australiaisoneoftheyoungestnationsintheworld.ThefirstEnglishspeakersarrivedlittlemorethan200yearsago—andtheydidn'twantto○32.Mostofthemwereprisonerssenttheretowork○33.[原文呈现][读文清障]○34especiallyadv.尤其，特别○35trace/treɪs/n.痕迹，踪迹○36which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，whytheAustralianaccent...作表语。○37people在这里是“民族，种族”的意思，是可数名词。TheycamefromalloverBritain,butespecially○34fromNorthernIrelandandtheLondonarea,whichiswhytheAustralianaccenttodayhastraces○35ofbothIrishandcockneyspeechpatterns○36.TheEnglishspeakersfoundapeople○37[原文呈现][读文清障]○38who引导定语从句，修饰apeople。○39Aboriginen．澳大利亚土著○40anextraordi