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SectionⅢGrammar—复习被动语态语法图解探究发现①Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.②Theywereputintoprisonbecausetheyhadbrokenthelaw.③Today,carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.④Ithinktheproblemcanbesolvedsoon.⑤Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.⑥Carswillbesentabroadbysea.⑦Hesaidallthetaskhadbeenfinishedbylastweek.⑧Thiskindofclotheswasheseasilyandsellswell.[我的发现](1)找出①～⑦句中的被动语态结构①②③④⑤⑥⑦(2)以上句子中，_____句是用主动形式表示被动意义。arebookedwereputintoprisoniscelebratedcanbesolvedarebeingbroadcastwillbesenthadbeenfinished⑧一、被动语态的基本时态变化1．各种时态的被动语态的构成如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词用被动语态。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时was/weredoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.时态动词的被动形式例句现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneThebridgeisbeingbuilt.过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingrepaired.现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来防止水受到污染。(2)有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语，变为被动语态时，通常把间接宾语变为主语；如果把直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。Mymotherboughtmeanicegift.→Iwasboughtanicegiftbymymother.→Anicegiftwasboughtformebymymother.(3)“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。Theteachercaughttheboysmokingacigarette.→Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarettebytheteacher.(4)使役动词have,make与感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，在变为被动结构时，要将to还原。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.→Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuildingbysomeone.即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①Ifyoulistentorapmusic,youwillnoticehowthelyrics(歌词)(speak)inthebackgroundofthesongs.②Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow(repay)laterinlife.③Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse(rebuild)．④Theroom(break)intobeforewecame.arespokenwillberepaidisbeingrebuilthadbeenbroken⑤Aftertheearthquake,theinjured(take)tothehospital.⑥Thiskindofchocolate(make)severaltimes.⑦Hesaidthework(finish)inhalfanhour.⑧—HavetheGreensmovedintotheirnewhousealready?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.ButIwastoldthatit_______(decorate)whenImetthemlastweek.weretakenhasbeenmadewouldbefinishedwasbeingdecorated1－2.完成句子⑨Thebook(已经出版)andyoucanbuyitinthelocallibrary.⑩MrYang(被迫离开)hismotherlandforpoliticalreasonsin1969.⑪Thecaptainkepthispromisethathewouldreturntotheislandwherethecrew(被留下)．⑫Thesongspeciallywrittenbyhimselfforhiswedding____(正在被演奏)now.hasbeenpublishedwasforcedtoleavehadbeenleftisbeingperformed⑬Today,nearly400animals(被列为)endangeredanimalsintheUnitedStates.⑭Toimprovetheairquality,theuseofprivatecars____(应该减少)．arelistedasshouldbereduced二、主动形式表示被动意义1．谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义(1)有些动词如write,read,sell,wash等，既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义。Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这个新产品很畅销。(2)系动词如feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这种材料摸起来很软。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。(3)不及物动词或不及物动词短语如appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等以主动形式表示被动意义。Thewarbrokeoutin1886.那场战争爆发于1886年。Finally,hisdreamcametrue,whichmadehimveryexcited.最后，他的梦想实现了，这使他很兴奋。2．非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词need,require,want和beworth后用v的主动形式表示被动意义。Thegardenneedswatering.花园需要浇水。Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.这部电影的确值得看。(2)在“主语＋谓语(系动词)＋表语(形容词)＋todo”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,heavy等。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?你认为这水喝着安全吗？(3)不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有很多事情要做。即时演练2单句语法填空①Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneeds(repair)．②Thiskindofwoolshirt(feel)softand(sell)well.③Thesesignsarehard(see)clearly.④Greatchanges(take)placeinourschoolsince2010.⑤Thefood(taste)goodandwehadfuntogether.⑥Wouldyoulikesomething(drink)?repairingfeelssellstoseehavetakentastedtodrink⑦Hedoesnothaveabicycle;theoneheisusing(belong)toPeter.⑧ThefilmTheWanderingEarthisworth(see)again.belongsseeing[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。wereinvited2．(2019·江苏高考改编)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。根据时间状语by2022可知，句子要用将来完成时；5Gterminals与install(安装)之间是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态。willhavebeeninstalled3．(浙江高考语法填空)Istillremembervisitingafriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；又因为I与shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。wasshocked4．(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fatandsalt”与remove之间是被动关系，所以填areremoved。areremoved5．(全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。