Module4ASocialSurvey—MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅢGrammar——现在完成时语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.It'sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.2.AndthisisthefirsttimeI'vevisitedyourhometown.1.由例句①②③④⑤可知,现在完成时的构成:_________________。2.由例句①可知,现在完成时可与________引导时间状语从句连用。sincehas/have+过去分词3.Youknow,I'veseenquitealotofChinaandI'vevisitedsomebeautifulcities,butthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI'vebeento.4.They'veputupalotofhighrisebuildingsrecently.5.Uptonow,I'veunderstoodeverythingtheteacher'ssaid.3.由例句④⑤可知,现在完成时可与时间状语,_________等连用。4.由例句③可知,______________表示“曾经去过”;have/hasgoneto表示“已经去了某地,去而未归”。have/hasbeentorecentlyuptonow语法精要点拨一、现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recently,before,lately,just,already,yet,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepast/lastyears,thesedays等时间状语连用。TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今为止,布朗一家已经游览了中国的许多地方。Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewyears.近几年他去过那里三次了。2.表示动作或状态过去已经开始,持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用如:for+一段时间,since+过去时间点,sincethen,eversince,uptonow,sofar等。Mr.Wanghasworkedinthisfactorysincehecametothiscity.自从来到这个城市,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。Priceshavefallensharplyoverthepastsixmonths.在过去的六个月里,价格急剧下降。3.在时间、条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来。Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.直到公交车停下才能下车。Aslongasyouhavecleanedallthewindows,youareallowedtoplay.只要你把所有的窗户擦完,你就可以玩了。[名师点津]在肯定句中,非延续性动词如come,go,leave,borrow,buy,die,join等的完成时不能与时间段连用,若要接时间段状语,则应换成相应的延续性动词或状态动词。但在否定句中,非延续性动词的完成时可与时间段连用。Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.()Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.()我买了这辆新车已经两周了。√×[即时演练1]完成句子①我们从很小就是好朋友。Wesincewewereveryyoung.②我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。Wewhentodiscusstheproblemagain.③他在这个城市住了三年了,并且交了许多新朋友。Heforthreeyears,andhe____________________________.hasmadealotofhavebeenfriendshaven'tdecidedhaslivedinthecitynewfriends二、现在完成时的常用句型1.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时,表示“自从……以来多久了”Itis/hasbeen3yearssinceIpublishedmyfirstbook.自从我出版第一本书以来已经三年了。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟已有三年了。2.This/Itisthefirst/second...time(that)+现在完成时,表示“这是某人第一/二……次做某事”ItisthefirsttimethatTomhasvisitedChina.这是汤姆第一次访问中国。3.在“Thisisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”结构中,that从句要用现在完成时态。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。[名师点津]现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,落脚点是现在,不与表示过去某一具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last+时间名词,时间名词+ago等。2.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在的情况没有关系。与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,inthepast,ago等。HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住了四年了。(可能刚搬走,也可能继续住下去)HelivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住过四年。(现在已经不在那里住了)[即时演练2]单句语法填空①IthasbeenalongtimesinceI(hear)fromhimlasttime.②Itisthesecondtimethathe(join)inthediscussionabouthowtodealwiththeproblem.③ThisisthemostinterestingpartythatI(enjoy).haveenjoyedheardhasjoined语法应用落实单句语法填空1.MrLiisnotathome.He(go)toShanghai.2.ThisisthesecondtimethatI(be)inLondon.3.It'stenyearssinceI(leave)myhometown,butitisstillinmymind.4.ItseemstomethatI(meet)thismansomewherebefore.5.Inthelastfewyears,China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.hasmadehasgonehavebeenlefthavemet6.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he__________(have)itforaverylongtime.7.I(read)halfofthenovel,andIwilltrytofinishitattheweekend.8.Robertismyneighbour.He(live)nextdoortomeforfiveyears.haslivedhadhadhaveread9.I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyou(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?10.Ifwearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswe______________(memorize)sofar,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.havememorizedadvertised