SectionⅣGrammar&Writing语法专项突破写作能力提升动词ing形式的完成式作状语和动词ing形式与不定式作宾语①Havinglostallmyfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.②Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit.③Thisweekend,havingthoughtaboutthesituationforawhile,IdecidedtoaskRoyaboutthetheft.④Thegirlsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercameintotheroom.⑤Walkingalongtheroad,thegirlsstoppedtolookinashopwindow.⑥Doyouremembergoingtoschoolforthefirsttime?⑦Remembertogivemearingwhenyougethome.[我的结论]1.前三个例句中动词ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词,其逻辑主语是句子的。2.例句④中stopdoingsth.表示;例句⑤中stoptodosth.表示。3.例句⑥中rememberdoingsth.表示;例句⑦中remembertodosth.表示。之前主语停止正在做的事情停下来正在做的事情来做别的事记住做过某事记着去做某事一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语[语境感悟]①Nothavingreceivedareply,shedecidedtowriteanotheremail.没有收到回复,她决定再写一封电子邮件。②Havingbeeninformedofthedecision,Idecidedtomakepreparations.被告知了这个决定,我决定做些准备。③Havingworkedinthecountrysideforthreeyears,helearnedhowtogrowvegetables.在乡下工作了三年之后,他学会了如何种菜。[知识归纳](1)基本形式:having+过去分词否定形式:not+having+过去分词完成式的被动式:havingbeen+过去分词(2)成分:动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语,常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能:动词ing形式的完成式作状语时,表示主动,即该动词与句子的主语为逻辑上的主谓关系;同时表示完成,即该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。[深化点拨]动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别(1)动词ing形式的一般式,作状语时与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。(2)动词ing形式的完成式,作状语时与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,常表示时间或原因。①Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan'an。当他看到那些图片时,就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间)②Workinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexam.如果你努力学习,你就会通过入学考试。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示条件)③Theroadisunderconstruction,causingthedelay.道路正在建设中,因此造成了延误。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示结果)④Havinggotourtickets,wedrovetotheairporttoboardtheplane.买到机票之后,我们就开车到机场登机。(动词ing形式的完成式作状语,表示时间)二、动词ing形式与不定式作宾语1.动词ing形式作宾语[语境感悟]①EvenifIrisklosingeverything,Iwon'tgiveuptrying.即使冒着失去一切的危险,我也不会放弃尝试。②Iwouldverymuchappreciatereceivingacopyofthebook.如蒙赐赠该书,我将不胜感激。[知识归纳]口诀记忆只接动词ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep/keepon)错过(miss)理解(understand)和感激(appreciate)推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)不考虑(consider)完成(finish)想象(imagine)又建议(suggest/advise/recommend)避免(avoid/escape)介意(mind)想(feellike)延期(putoff)允许(allow/permit)抵制(resist/stand)或放弃(giveup)着手(setabout,getdownto)练习(practise)要坚持(insiston)[即时演练1]单句语法填空①Iappreciate(give)theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.②Healwaysavoids(talk)tome.③Wouldyoumindmy(open)thewindow?havingbeengiventalkingopening2.动词不定式作宾语[语境感悟]①Heissupposedtohaveofferedtohelptheoldperson.他本应给那位老人提供帮助。②Ionlyjustmanagedtofinishontime.我刚好设法按时完成。[知识归纳]口诀记忆只接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语):四个希望(hope,wish,expect,long)三答应(agree,promise,undertake)五个想要(want,desire,plan,wouldlike,wouldlove)巧安排(arrange)设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide,determine)犹豫(hesitate)倾向(tend)别声称(claim)企图(attempt,seek)假装(pretend)要选择(choose)提出(offer)要求(ask,demand)别拒绝(refuse,decline)威胁(threaten)准备(prepare)不失败(fail)[点津]能接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词:show,understand,tell,explain,teach,learn,know,ask,decide,wonder等。Hedidn'tknowhowtodealwiththeaccident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。[即时演练2](1)单句改错①MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendingsomebookstome.②ThetrainwaslateandatbestIcouldonlyhopetobeinghometomorrow.③Canyouinformmewhentobeginningourfinalexamination?(2)完成句子④Heshowedus.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。⑤Idon'tknow.我不知道做些什么。lending→lendbeing→bebeginning→beginhowtodotheworkwhattodo3.既可接动词ing形式又可以接不定式的动词[语境感悟]①Dickensbeganworking/toworkatafactorywhenhewasveryyoung.狄更斯很小的时候就开始在一家工厂工作。②Manypeoplepreferliving/toliveinthecountry.很多人偏爱住在乡下。[知识归纳]既可以接动词ing形式又可以接不定式,含义差别不大的常见谓语动词有start,begin,love,like,prefer,hate,intend,continue等。[点津]love,like,hate后接动词ing形式通常表示习惯性、一般性的情况,后接不定式表示具体的、一次性的情况。[即时演练3]单句语法填空①—Remember(return)thebooktome.—ButIremember(return)ittoyou.②Thedoctortried(cure)thewomanofherillness,sohetried(treat)herwithanewmedicine.③—Thatwouldmean(waste)alotoflabor.—Really?Idon'tmean(waste)anylabor.toreturnreturningtocuretreatingwastingtowaste4.接动词ing形式和接不定式含义不同的动词[语境感悟]①Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews.听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。②Sorry,Ican'thelptocleantheroomforyou.Imustgoatonce.对不起,我不能帮你打扫房间了,我必须马上走。③Iregrettotellyouthatalltheticketshavebeensoldout.我遗憾地告诉你,所有的票都卖光了。④Maryregrettedtellingliestohermother.玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。[知识归纳]动词后接动词ing形式和接动词不定式作宾语时意义不同的词词条后接不定式作宾语后接动词ing形式作宾语remember,forget,regret不定式所表示的动作还未发生动词ing形式所表示的动作已经发生try表示努力做某事表示试着做某事mean表示打算(想要)做某事表示意味着(要)做某事stop表示停下正在做的事去做另一件事表示停止做某事meantodosth.意欲/打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事trytodosth.设法/企图/尽量做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事[点津]有些含有“需要”意义的动词,如want,need,require等,其后通常接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义或接不定式的被动形式。Thiskindofplantneedswatering/tobewateredtwiceaweek.这种植物一星期需要浇水两次。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Iamsorry.Ican'thelp(look)forthelostdog.2.Ishallneverforget(see)theGreatWallforthefirsttime.3.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed(finish)myworkontime.4.Ilistenedtothewind,(think)thathewouldnotcometonight.5.(noteat)anythingsincethenightbefore,Ifeltveryhungry.6.—Doyoumindmy(open)thedoor?—Goahead.(to)lookseeingtofinishthinkingNothavingeatenopening7.Youdidn'thearuscomeinlastnight.That'sgood.Wetriedno(be)noisy.8.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneed(solve)rightnow.9.(wash)thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.10.(wait)fortwohours,hewentaway.tobesolving/tobesolvedHavingwashedHavingwaitedⅡ.完成句子1.,thepupildoesn'tdaretogotoschool.由