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SectionⅢGrammar—动词ing形式的完成式作状语和后接动词ing形式或不定式的动词(短语)语法图解探究发现①Iwastwelveand,havinglostallmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.②Havingbeenoperatedontheleg,hecan'twalkasusual.③Nothavingmadeadequatepreparations,theyputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextFriday.④Heofteninvitedmetojoinhisparticulargroup,andasaresult,Istartedgetting/togettoknowpeople.⑤Ilikelying/tolieonmybackstaringatthesky.⑥a.Iremembermeetingherforthefirsttime.b.Youmustremembertokeepintouch.⑦a.Iregretdoingthatnow.b.IregrettosaythatIhavelosttouchwithfourorfivefriends.⑧a.Hetriedtostandupbutfailed.b.Let'strytellinghimaboutthesadnews.[我的发现](1)以上句中，①～③句中的黑体部分在句中作，④～⑧句中黑体部分在句中作。(2)由①～③句可知，动词ing形式的完成式为，否定式为，完成被动式为。(3)句中，动词ing形式与不定式作宾语意义相差不大。句中，动词ing形式与不定式作宾语意义区别很大，其中⑥a句中作宾语的动词ing形式的动作，⑥b句中作宾语的动词不定式的动作。状语宾语havingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendone④⑤⑥(a，b)⑦(a，b)⑧(a，b)已经发生未发生一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语1．动词ing形式的完成式作状语基本用法(1)基本形式：having＋过去分词否定形式：nothaving＋过去分词完成式的被动式：havingbeen＋过去分词(2)成分：动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语，常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能：所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，如果该动作与句子的主语之间是主谓关系，则用主动形式havingdone；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式havingbeendone。Havinglivedinthecityforthreeyears,sheknowsitwell.在这个城市生活了三年，她对这里已经很熟悉了。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thepupildoesn’tdaretogotoschool.由于还没有完成作业，这个学生不敢去上学。Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I’llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.已经被邀请发表讲话，我明天将开始做些准备。2．动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别(1)动词ing形式的一般式，作状语时与句子主语之间为主动关系，所表示的动作与句子谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。Workinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。(2)动词ing形式的完成式，作状语时与句子主语为主动或被动关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因等。Havinggotourtickets,wedrovetotheairporttoboardtheplane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①(analyse)thedata,thescientistsconcludedthatthediseasewascausedbythepollutedwater.②(warn)ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohome,withafriendfollowingher.③(drive)alltheway,wefeltrathertiredanddecidedtofindahoteltohavearest.HavinganalysedHavingbeenwarnedHavingdriven④(tell)manytimes,hestilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.⑤(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.HavingbeentoldRealizing1－2.句型转换⑥Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.→,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.⑦Whenhewaswalkingalongthestreet,hemethisoldfriend.→alongthestreet,hemethisoldfriend.⑧Becausehehadlivedinthecityforyears,hestartedgettingtoknowit.→inthecityforyears,hestartedgettingtoknowit.⑨Becausehehadn’tfinishedthetask,hehastostaythereforanotherweek.→thetask,hehastostaythereforanotherweek.HavingfinishedhishomeworkWalkingHavinglivedNothavingfinished二、动词ing形式与不定式作宾语1．可用动名词作宾语的动词(短语)(1)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词有：advise,admit,allow,avoid,consider,miss,keep,practice,finish,enjoy,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,suggest,mind,permit等。Icouldn'triskmissingthattrain.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。Shesuggestedsellingyourhousetopaythedebt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。(2)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词短语有：lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,apologizefor,bebusyin,havedifficulty(in),spendtime(in)等。Heinsistsonseeingyoualone.他坚持要单独见你。(3)advise,allow,forbid,permit等动词后可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾补。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.我们不允许在此吸烟。Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.我们不允许学生在此吸烟。2．可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)(1)能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree,choose,decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hope,refuse,manage,wish,pretend,offer,promise,plan等。Aftermuchdiscussiontheydecidedtoacceptouroffer.经过反复讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。Ionlyjustmanagedtofinishontime.我刚好设法按时完成。(2)能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词(短语)有：show,understand,tell,explain,teach,learn,know,ask,decide,wonder,findout,dealwith等。Hedidn’tknowhowtodealwiththeaccident.他不知道怎么处理这起事故。[名师点津]此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则得用宾语从句。3．可用动词不定式和动名词作宾语的动词(短语)(1)下列动词(短语)后可跟不定式或动名词，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事此事未做forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事此事已做过或已发生goontodosth.做完一件事接着去做另一件事goondoingsth.中间停顿后继续做同一件事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事regrettodosth.抱歉、遗憾地做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事meantodosth.意欲、打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事trytodosth.设法、企图、尽量做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事Remembertoposttheletterforme.记住替我寄这封信。Irememberpostingtheletteronmywayhome.我记得在回家的路上把信寄出了。(2)有些动词(like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，不定式表示特定的未来事件，动名词表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下可以互换。Iintendstudying/tostudyabroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词want,need,require作“需要”解，而且当物作主语时，常跟动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟不定式要用被动式。Hispronunciationneedsimproving/tobeimproved.他的发音需要改进。即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①Iremember(see)themansomewherebefore,buthisnameescapesmeatthismoment.②Nomatterwhoisfrequentlypraised,youshouldalwaysremember(improve)yourself.③Ifyoumean(catch)thefirsttrain,thatmeans(get)upat6：00am.④Theboypretended(read)whenhismothercamein.seeingtoimprovetocatchgettingtobereading⑤You’regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractice(speak)Englishasmuchaspossible.⑥Assheislookingforwardto(hear)fromme,pleaseremember(post)thisletteronyourwaytoschool.⑦—Wouldyoulike(go)forawalk?—Sorry,Ifeellike(watch)TVathome.⑧Lyingonthegrass,shei