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Module3InterpersonalRelationships—FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar——动词ing形式(Ⅱ)和动词不定式作宾语2语境自主领悟先观察原句1.Havinglostallmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.2.Havingleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit.3.Thisweekend,havingthoughtaboutthesituationforawhile,IdecidedtoaskRoyaboutthetheft.34.I'llneverforgetmeetingher.Shewassokindtome.5.Iwon'tforgettomeetherafterschool.6.Remembertokeepintouchwhenyougoaway.7.Doyouremembergoingtoschoolforthefirsttime？4语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.前三个例句中动词ing形式的完成式在句中作，后四个例句中动词ing形式与动词不定式均作。2.动词ing形式的完成式作状语时，其表示的动作发生在谓语动词，其逻辑主语是句子的。3.句4和句7中作宾语的动词ing形式的动作发生，句5和句6中作宾语的动词不定式的动作发生。状语宾语之前主语已经尚未5语法精要点拨6一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语动词ing形式的完成式的构成为havingdone；否定式为nothavingdone；被动式为havingbeendone。动词ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前，常在句中作时间、原因、让步状语等，可转换成相应的状语从句。Havingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.＝Afterhehadwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.写完信后，他去寄走它。7Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexamination.＝Becausehehadn'tstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexamination.因为没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.已经被告知多次，他仍犯同样的错误。8[名师点津]动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的区别(1)动词ing形式的一般式作状语时所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。9(2)动词ing形式的完成式作状语时所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。Seeingthosepictures，hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan'an.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。Havinggotourtickets，wedrovetotheairporttoboardtheplane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。10[即时训练1]用动词ing形式完成句子①(把钥匙忘在办公室了)，Ihadtogobackandgetit.②(还没完成这个项目),theywon'tstoptohavearest.③(在街上散步时),hecameacrossanoldfriend.HavingleftthekeyinmyofficeNothavingcompletedtheprojectWalkingalongthestreet11二、动词ing形式与动词不定式作宾语1．下列动词(短语)跟动词ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：建议考虑坚持练，(suggest，advise，consider，insiston,practise)允许想象弃冒险，(permit，allow，imagine，giveup，risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)不禁介意保持完，(can'thelp，mind，keep，finish)耽误推迟求原谅，(delay，putoff，require，forgive，excuse)承认错过欣喜欢。(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)12Isuggestgoingouttohavearestafterstudyingforonehour.我建议在学习一小时之后出去，休息一下。Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。13[名师点津]advise,allow,forbid,permit等动词后可直接跟动词ing形式作宾语，也可跟不定式作补语。Wedon'talloweatingintheclassroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。Youcan'tallowfeartoimpacthowyouoperate.你不能让恐惧影响你的行为方式。142．下列动词跟动词不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：同意提出作计划，(agree，offer，intend，plan)要求答应来帮忙。(demand，promise，help)准备决定遭拒绝，(prepare，decide，refuse)敢于选择有希望。(choose，wish，hope，want，expect)不能做到莫假装，(fail，pretend)设法做成决心强。(manage，determine)15恳求安排又威胁，(beg，arrange，threaten)声称目标不犹豫。(claim，aim，hesitate)Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。Theymanagedtofinishtheworkontime.他们设法按时完成了工作。163．可接动词ing形式和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词(1)hate，love，like，prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswiminthisriver.我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。17(2)begin，start，continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果begin，start等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseacomputer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。Shewasstartingtodoherhomework.她正开始做作业。184．既可以接动词ing形式又可以接动词不定式作宾语，且含义不同的常见动词rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事remembertodosth.记住去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已经做过某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事stopdoingsth.停止正做的事stoptodosth.停下来做另外一件事（此处不定式作状语）19meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算做某事regretdoingsth.后悔已经做过某事regrettodosth.遗憾去做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.努力做某事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.完成一件事，接着做另一件事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelp（to）dosth.不能帮着做某事20Don'tyouremembertellingmethestoryyesterday?难道你不记得昨天告诉我这个故事了吗？Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Attheamusingperformance,theaudiencecouldn'thelplaughing.看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来。I'mbusystudying,soIcan'thelp(to)dothehousework.我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务劳动。21[名师点津]need，want，require作“需要”讲，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接v.ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。Thewindowsneedcleaning.＝Thewindowsneedtobecleaned.窗户需要擦了。22[即时训练2]完成句子①I(答应做)everythingIcandotohelpyou.②Igotupveryearlythismorningto(避免错过)theflight.③Thisplant(需要浇水)twiceaweek.promisetodoavoidmissingneedswatering/tobewatered23语法应用落实24Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(succeed)inthelastexamination,shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.2．(notread)alltherequiredpapers,hedidn'tanswerthequestionsinclass.3．(tell)manytimes,hestilldidn'tknowhowtodoit.4．Try(knock)atthebackdoorandseewhetherheisinornot.HavingsucceededNothavingreadHavingbeentoldknocking255．Afterfinishingherhomework,mysisterwenton(do)somehousework.6．Tobefrank,Iamconsidering(go)toSwazilandformywinterholiday.7．We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.todogoingdoing/tobedone268．Mygrandfatheralwaysforgetsthekeysbuthealwayssaysthatheremembersthem.(take)9．(spend)sometimeinthecity,LindahadnotroubleinfindingthewaytotheNaturalHistoryPark.10．SeeingJennyburstintotears,Ideeplyregretted(mention)thebadnewstoher.totaketakingHavingspentmentioning/havingmentioned27Ⅱ.单句改错1．Yesterdayafternoon,helpedmefinishmyhomework,Momstartedtodohousework.2．PleaserememberbringmethebookIwantnexttime.3．Iappreciateyouhelpedmeoutofthetrouble,Si