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Module3InterpersonalRelationships—FriendshipSectionⅣGrammar现在分词的完成式作状语&动名词与不定式作宾语1．(教材P30)Whenhereachedthefinalline,everyoneburstout__________(laugh)．答案：laughing2．(教材P30)Iwastwelveand,__________(lose)allmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.答案：havinglost3．(教材P30)Heofteninvitedmetojoinhisparticulargroup,andasaresult,Istarted__________(get)toknowpeople.答案：getting4．(教材P30)Roy,whohadalwaysbeenveryclosetohisfather,changedcompletely,__________(become)silentandmoody.答案：becoming5．(教材P30)Hehadalwaysbeenaclever,hardworkingstudentbutnowheseemed__________(lose)allinterestinhiswork.答案：tolose6．(教材P30)__________(leave)somethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit，andfoundRoygoingthroughthepocketsofpeople’scoats.答案：Havingleft7．(教材P31)Iturnedroundandwalkedoutwithout__________(say)aword.答案：saying8．(教材P31)IwonderedifthethiefwasRoybutdecidednot__________(say)anythingtoanyone.答案：tosay9．(教材P31)Thisweekend,__________(think)aboutthesituationforawhile,Idecided(ask)Royaboutthetheft,andthismorningIwent__________(see)him.答案：havingthought;toask;tosee现在分词的完成式作状语的基本用法1．基本形式：havingdone否定式：nothavingdone被动式：havingbeendone2．成分：在句中常作状语，表示原因、时间、让步等。现在分词的完成式作状语3．功能：现在分词的完成式作状语时，表示该动作发生于句中谓语动词表示的动作之前。◆Havinglivedinthecityforthreeyears,sheknowsitwell.在这个城市生活了三年，她对这里已经很熟悉了。◆Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedthemid－termexamination.因为没有努力学习，所以他期中考试不及格。◆Havingbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages,FortressBesiegedbecamefamousallovertheworld.《围城》被翻译成了好几种语言，在全世界都很出名。现在分词的一般式表示该动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。◆Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinBeijing.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在北京的那些日子。1．只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语：suggest,finish,practise,avoid,miss,enjoy,imagine,admit,consider(考虑),escape,risk,mind,stand(忍受),putoff,giveup,keepon,feellike,beusedto(习惯于),lookforwardto等。◆(上海卷)Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.如果年轻人每天听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。◆(陕西卷)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天太热了。你想去游泳吗？动名词与不定式作宾语在下列句型中也要用动名词作宾语：beworthdoing...值得做……What/Howaboutdoing...?做……怎么样？havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing...做……有困难havefun(in)doing...做……很快乐spend/wastetime/money(in)doing...花费/浪费时间/金钱做……Thereisnosense/point/use/good(in)doing...做……是没有意义/没有道理/没用/没好处的◆Allthekidshadgreatfunplayinginthewater.所有的孩子在水里玩得很开心。2．只跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,aim,hope,manage,refuse,want,wish,offer,promise,pretend,happen(碰巧)等。◆(江西卷)Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.几乎花光了我们所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。◆(四川卷)Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstaywhereyouareandwaitforhelp.如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地，等待帮助。3．hate,like,love,prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。begin,start,continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。◆Theypreferstayingindoorswhenitiscold.天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。◆Wouldyouprefertostayathomeorgotothemovieswithusthisevening?今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？◆Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseacomputer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。4．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，而且意义差别很大。(1)trytodo...尽力做……；trydoing...试着去做……；(2)meantodo...打算做……；meandoing...意味着……；(3)regrettodo...遗憾要去做……；regretdoing...后悔做过……；(4)remembertodo...记得去做……；rememberdoing...记得做过……；(5)forgettodo...忘记去做……；forgetdoing...忘记做了……◆TheteacherregrettedtotellTomhedidn’tpasstheexam,andTomregrettednotstudyinghard.老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。5．动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果动词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.。◆Myparentsdon’tallowsmokinginourhouse.我父母不允许在家里抽烟。◆Myparentsdon’tallowmetosmokeinourhouse.我父母不允许我在家里抽烟。6．need,require,want,demand表示“需要”时，后面接动名词，表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(tobedone)。有类似用法的还有deserve(值得；应该)。◆Theconditionofthiscarissoserious.Itreallyneedsrepairing/toberepairedbeforedrivingontheroadagain.这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2018·天津卷)Ididn’tmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.答案：toeat;trying2．__________(fail)tofindtheproperjob,hedecidedtogiveupjobhuntinginthiscity.答案：Havingfailed3．—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynottry__________(go)byboatforachange?答案：going4．Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused__________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.答案：tostop5．Not__________(receive)hismembershipcard，Tonydecidedtomakeaphonecalltocheckwhethertherewassomethingwrong.答案：havingreceived6．Youhavehadagoodstart,butmoreworkneeds__________(do)toachievethegoalsyouwant.答案：doing/tobedone7．Assheislookingforwardto__________(hear)fromme，pleaseremember(post)thisletteronyourwaytoschool.答案：hearing;topost8．IwasashamedbecauseIcouldn’thelp__________(raise)moneyforlocalcharities.答案：toraise9．(陕西卷)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton__________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.答案：tothank10．Shedidn’tmindherbooks__________(take)awayandusedbyotherstudents.答案：beingtakenⅡ单句改错1．Havingbeenspentallmymoney,Icouldn’taffordtobuythisbook._____________答案：去掉been2．Whenitcomestospeakinpublic,noonecanmatchhim._____________答案：speak→speaking3．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,toldmestoriestillIfellasleep._____________答案：told→telling4．ShelookssobadnowsoIregrettellherthebadnews._____________答案：tell→telling5．Havingaskedtofinishthistask,Imis