2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 3 Foreign Food Section Ⅳ Gr

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Module3ForeignFoodSectionⅣGrammar&Writing第一板块单元语法复习定语和定语从句1.(教材P30)Ithoughtthisvastwaveoffoodwasthetotalnumberofdishes______________(serve).2.(教材P30)Everyoneelsejusttastedabitofeachdishandthenput______(they)chopsticksdown.3.(教材P30)However,thereareotherkindsoffoods____________havetakenlongerformetoaccept.tobeservedtheirthat/which4.(教材P31)Itdidn'tactuallytastebad,buttomethecoldfish,coldcheese,andeventhebreadfromthefridge,wasameal__________wouldmakeyoufeelcoldinside.5.(教材P31)Theirsalad,forexample,ismadefromvegetables____________areonlywashedbeforeserving,whileChinesefoodispreparedmorecarefully.6.(教材P31)ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerin_________Britishpeopleeat,evenifitisjustapotato.7.(教材P31)Thethingsinsidesandwichesand________(bake)potatoesarealso_________(vary)kindsof________(mash)food.that/whichwhich/thatwhichbakedvariousmashed一、定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句叫作定语。如果是单个的词作定语,一般位于被修饰词之前,称为前置定语;如果是短语作定语,一般置于被修饰词之后,称为后置定语。可以用来作定语的词有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语以及从句等。◆(上海卷)It'sacharmingsmallFrenchclock,madeofbrassanddatingfromthenineteenthcentury.这是一个迷人的法国小时钟,由黄铜做成,可以追溯到19世纪。◆HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。(代词作定语)◆Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.我们的班长总是第一个进教室。(动词不定式作定语)◆Hewalkswiththehelpofawalkingstick.他在手杖的帮助下行走。(动名词作定语)◆Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?和我们老师握手的那个人是谁?(现在分词短语作定语)◆HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗?(过去分词短语作定语)[温馨提示](1)不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing的定语要置于其后面。(2)少数形容词通常只作后置定语,如else(别的),left(剩下的),present(出席的,在场的)等。(3)名词作定语时,一般用单数。但也有例外。①man,woman作定语时,其单复数随着中心词的变化而变化。如:twomenengineers两位男工程师;②少数名词习惯只用复数形式作定语。如:sportsshoes运动鞋。二、定语从句定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引出。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语whose人/物定语as人/物主语、宾语、表语◆(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.她和她的家长骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。◆(2017·北京卷)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的启示。◆Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。◆Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhichthe)coverisgreen.请把那本绿色封面的书递给我。◆Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿着的这个包裹快要散开了。[温馨提示](1)that与which的用法区别先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时只能用that而不用which的情况当先行词既有人又有物时只用which不用that的情况关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that(2)as作关系代词的用法:引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such,thesame等修饰时,as既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等引导非限制性定语从句as指代整个主句的内容。从句既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。which引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子的内容时一般只位于句末;which引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或因果关系时,多译为“这一点”。◆(福建卷)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。◆(全国卷Ⅰ)“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样:“人不可貌相”。◆TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单英语交谈。2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系词先行词在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/...+which)时间名词时间状语where(=in/at/to/...+which)地点名词或抽象地点名词(situation,point,case,position,stage等)地点状语why(=forwhich)thereason原因状语◆(2018·江苏卷)Self­drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.在自动驾驶汽车领域,中国和世界其他国家处在同一起跑线上。◆(2016·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。◆Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?[温馨提示]当先行词是时间名词、地点名词或thereason时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语,关系词应用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where。3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。◆(全国卷)September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。(2)“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示整体与部分的关系。◆(2016·浙江卷)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。◆(2016·江苏卷)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。[温馨提示]在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+ofwhich”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+ofwhom”。◆(江苏卷)Thenewly­builtcafé,thewallsofwhich(=whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·天津卷)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.2.(2016·四川卷)“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,______allowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”3.(2016·北京卷)Thereason______anyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.whosewhichwhy4.(江苏卷)Thenumberofsmokers,____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.(陕西卷)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.6.(2019·天津卷)Theirchildisatthestage______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.7.Themainstreetislinedwithsmallshops_________sellalmostanythingyoucanimagine.aswhenwherewhich/that8.Lookatthephoto.ThisisMrGreen,infrontof_______sitthreestudents.9.(2019·江苏卷)Wehaveenteredintoana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