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Module3AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinemaPeriod3Grammar语法专题课复习动词形式(3)(非谓语动词与系动词)【课前热身】1.用所给动词的正确形式填空,体会其用法。①Thefilmwesawlastweekwasvery_______(move).②Alicereadtheletterwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.movingpuzzled③Thedoctoradvised______(take)moreexercise.④Iregret_____(tell)youthatyouhavebeendismissed.⑤Weoftenhearhim____(sing)thesongathome.takingtotellsing2.品读例句,写出黑体部分的含义。①Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.()②Heseems(tobe)verysad.()③Thisflowersmellsverysweet.()④Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.()摸起来好像闻起来看起来像【课堂诠解】Ⅰ.非谓语动词一、不定式作宾语、宾语补足语1.不定式作宾语(1)能用不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Heemailedmesayinghewanted_______(come)tovisitme.tocome(2)不定式作介词的宾语,常见的有but和except(除了)。but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式要省略to,反之,不省。①Ihavenothingtodobut___(sit)here.②Hehasnochoicebut______(stay)there.sittostay【名师指津】(1)疑问词+不定式结构相当于一个名词性从句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,也可作介词的宾语。(2)不定式作某些动词的宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,须先用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。常见的词有find,feel,make,consider等。Ifinditinterestingtoplaytheviolin.2.不定式作宾语补足语(1)跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise,allow,beg,tell,ask,order,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。(2018·北京高考)Theworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthem________(break)downplastic.tobreak(2)有些动词,如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,notice等,用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动语态时,不定式要带to。①Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.(翻译句子)_______________________②Heisoftenheard______(sing)thissong.我经常听到他唱这首歌。tosing二、v.-ing形式作宾语、宾语补足语1.v.-ing形式作宾语(1)跟v.-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考虑),finish,delay,putoff,giveup,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate等。①Ienjoy________(watch)TV.Whataboutyou?②Wouldyoumind______(close)thewindow?watchingclosing【名师指津】v.-ing形式作某些动词的宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,须先用it作形式宾语,而把v.-ing形式放到宾语补足语之后。常见的词有:find,feel,consider等。Hefeelsitnousetellingheraboutit.(2)有些动词后既可接动名词作宾语,也可接不定式作宾语,但在意义上有很大差异。①Iregret_____(say)thatyouhavefailedyourexam.②Iregret________/___________(spend)somuchmoney.tosayspendinghavingspent2.v.-ing形式作宾语补足语(1)以下动词(短语)后可用v.-ing形式作宾语补足语:see,hear,watch,find,get,keep,notice,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。Hekeptthecar_______(wait)atthegate.waiting(2)不定式和v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别。在感官动词see,watch,hear,notice等和使役动词have后的宾语补足语后可用这两种形式。用v.-ing形式时表示动作正在进行;而用不带to的不定式,表示的是一个动作的过程。①Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(翻译句子)_______________________②Iheardhimsingintheroom.(翻译句子)_______________________我听见他正在屋里唱歌。我听见他在屋里唱过歌。三、v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式作定语、表语1.作定语的区别(1)在语态上:v.-ing形式表示主动;v.-ed形式表示被动。(2)在时态上:v.-ing形式表示的动作往往是正在进行;v.-ed形式表示的动作已经完成。①Doyouknowthegirl_______(dance)withyourbrother?②(2017•北京高考)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime_____(spend)withhisstudents.dancingspent2.作表语的区别现在分词作表语说明主语的特征,而过去分词作表语说明主语的状态。①Hearingtheexcitingnews,shewastoo______(excite)tosayaword.②Thesituationis___________(encourage).excitedencouragingⅡ.系动词1.表示人体感觉的系动词(sound,look,feel,taste和smell)常跟形容词作表语。①WhatMrWhitesaid___________________.怀特先生所说的听起来很友好。②He____________.他看起来很伤心。soundedveryfriendlylooksverysad2.系动词sound,look,feel,taste,smell和seem还可以与asif/asthough连用,意为“似乎……”。①He__________hehadnointerestinit.他看起来对此不感兴趣。②Itsoundstomeasthoughthere’ssomeonecrying.(翻译句子)_____________________lookedasif我好像听到有人在哭。3.系动词sound,look,feel,taste,smell与like连用,后跟名词,意为“像……一样”。①Shelookslikehermotherincharacter.(翻译句子)_____________________②这听起来像个好主意。(翻译句子)________________________她在性格上像她妈妈。Itsoundslikeagoodidea.【共享课堂】1.动词want等能跟不定式作宾语,动词advise等可跟不定式作宾语补足语。另外,注意省to不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的动词和句型。2.动词enjoy等须跟v.-ing作宾语,动词see等可跟v.-ing作宾语补足语;注意有些动词后跟不定式或v.-ing时含义有区别。3.v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式作定语和表语时,有一些区别。4.系动词可与形容词、asif/asthough从句和like连用。