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SectionⅢGrammar—动词ing形式作状语语法图解探究发现①Will,stillwatching,sawthecatbehavecuriously.②Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad,keepinghiseyesonthespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating.③Whilesittingbyapool,Ferdinandseesafrog.④Beforeleavinghiskingdom,hecallshissontohim.⑤Notknowingheraddress,Ican'twritetohertoexpressmygratitude.⑥Havinglivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.[我的发现](1)六个例句中的动词ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的。(2)由例句⑤可知，动词ing形式的否定式是在ing形式前面加。(3)在例句③中，动词ing形式短语前用while，为了强调与谓语动词的动作发生；在例句④中，动词ing形式短语前用before，为了强调在谓语动词的动作发生。(4)由例句⑥可知，动词ing形式的完成式为。主语not同时之前havingdone一、动词ing形式作状语1．作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句。其前面可加when,while或before等词。Puttingonhisclothes,Billwentoutinahurry.穿上衣服后，比尔匆忙离开了。Whilewaitingatthedentist’s,Ireadashortstory.在牙医诊所候诊时我读了一篇短篇小说。2．作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Readingcarefully,you’lllearnsomethingnew.＝Ifyoureadcarefully,you’lllearnsomethingnew.仔细读，你就会学到新东西。3．作原因状语时，一般可改写成as或because引导的原因状语从句。Beingtired,hecouldn’twalkanyfurther.＝Ashewastired,hecouldn’twalkanyfurther.由于累，他再也走不动了。4．作让步状语时，其前可加上although,though,evenif/though等词。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Thoughworkinghard,hecouldn’tearnenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebt.尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。5．作结果状语时，其前可加thereby,thus,therefore等词。Thebooksoldmorethan500,000copiesayear,makingitoneofthebestsellersatthattime.那本书一年销售五十多万册，使它成为当时的畅销书之一。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.公共汽车遭遇暴风雪，因此造成了延误。[名师点津]现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，常与only,never,not等副词连用。Theoldladyhurriedtothemarket,onlytofindhermoneystolenonthebus.老太太匆匆赶到市场，结果却发现自己的钱在公共汽车上被偷了。6．作方式或伴随状语。用来说明动作发生的背景或状况。一般情况下，现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，其动作发出者就是句子的主语。谓语动词是主要动作，分词是陪衬动作，伴随状语或方式状语位于句首、句中或句末均可。Theyallstoodthere,watchingcloselywhenthemagicianperformedthemagictricks.当那个魔术师表演魔术时他们都站在那儿，仔细地看着。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①(stand)infrontoftheschoolgate,Iwonderedwhattodonext.②Manypeoplestoodatthestop,(wait)forthebus.③(open)thewindow,Isawabutterflyflyingintomystudy.④(call)metomorrow,Iwillletyouknowthelabresult.StandingwaitingOpeningCalling1－2.句型转换⑤AssoonasIheardthepromise,Ifeltagreatloadtakenoffmymind.→,Ifeltagreatloadtakenoffmymind.⑥Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,andwaitedfortheirnewteacher.→Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,theirnewteacher.⑦Whilehewasreadingthebook,hefellasleep.→thebook,hefellasleep.⑧BecauseIdidn’tknowhiscellphonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.→hiscellphonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.HearingthepromisewaitingforWhilereadingNotknowing二、动词ing形式的时态和语态1．在逻辑上，当动词ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式；当动词ing形式表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词之前时用完成式。Seeingthestrangercomingtowardshim,littleTomranawayasfastashecould.看见陌生人朝他来了，小汤姆尽可能快地跑开了。(see和run几乎同时发生)HavingstudiedEnglishforthreeyears,hecouldtellbriefstoriesinEnglish.由于学习了三年英语，他能用英语讲简单的故事。(study发生在read之前)2．在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动词ing形式表示的动作时，动词ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词ing形式表示的动作时，动词ing形式用被动式。Helistenedtothetape,makingnotesnowandthen.他听着磁带，偶尔记笔记。(he执行make表示的动作)Beingcalledbyastranger,herealizedwhathadhappened.由于一个陌生人打电话，他意识到出事了。(he承受call表示的动作)即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①(hear)thenewsthatahurricanewasontheway,mostofthepeoplehurriedtosaferplaces.②(think)themanager’swordscarefully,hedecidedtoworkinTibet.③(repair),thecarcan’tbeusedforthetimebeing.④(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.HearingHavingthoughtBeingrepairedHavingbeentold2－2.完成句子⑤(患心脏病多年),ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.⑥Helayonthegrass,(看着天上的星星)foralongtime.⑦(由于没有完成她的作业),thelittlegirldidn’tgotobed.⑧(被谈话时),youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.HavingsufferedfromheartdiseaseformanyyearsstaringatthestarsintheskyNothavingfinishedherhomeworkBeingtalkedto[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.listening解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。2．(2019·北京高考)Nervously(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语；非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，动词face与I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。facing3．3．(2017·天津高考改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。动词allow与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此应用现在分词作结果状语。allowing4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.解析：考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语people之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。using5．(2016·北京高考改编)Newlybuiltwoodencottageslinethestreet,(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：新建的木屋排列在街道两旁，把这座古老的城镇变成了梦幻的世界。句子主语newlybuiltwoodencottages与turn之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。turning[演练提能]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．thestreet,Isuddenlyheardsomeonecallingmynamefrombehind.2．(tell)theanswerseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tanswerthequestion.3．(tell)himtheanswerseveraltimes,Ididn’tknowwhetherhecouldunderstand.4．Martinsentashortmessagetohisfriend,Tony,(hope)toborrowsomemoneyfromhim.WalkingHavingbeentoldHavingtoldhoping5．(follow)yourteacher’sadvice,youwillmakegreatprogresssoon.6．Although(be)notrich,theWhitesarestillwillingtohelpthehomelessinwinter.7．Thehurricanestruckourtownlastnight,(cause)greatdamagetothecrops