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课前自主预习[例句·体验]1．Havingworkedfortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.工作了2天之后，Steve设法按时完成了报告。2．Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,wonderingwhethertostayorleave.当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。3．Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky.没有比仰面躺在草地中央凝视着夜空更惬意的事情了。4．Notknowingwhichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。5．Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.她发现这门课程非常难，决定转学一门较低水平的(课程)。6．Hearingthegoodnews,thechildrenwentwildwithjoy.听到这个消息，孩子们欣喜若狂。7．Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他的父亲去世了，给他留下了一大笔钱。8．Thoughworkinghard,hecouldn'tearnenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebt.尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。9．Notknowingwhathadhappened,shewaspuzzled.不知道发生了什么事，她迷惑了。10．Havingfinishedtheletter,hefoldeditandputitintotheenvelope.写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。课堂合作探究[语法·讲座]一、基本原则1．动词的ing形式作状语时，ing形式和句中主语应有逻辑上的主谓关系，即动词的ing形式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。2．在意义上可表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、结果、条件等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。3．它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。一般来说，用作原因、条件时，常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，常位于句末。4．当动词的ing形式的主语与句子主语不一致时，我们可以用ing形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以在句中作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。二、基本用法1．作原因状语Beingsoangry,hecouldn'tgotosleep.因为太生气了，他无法入睡。2．作时间状语Puttingonhisclothes,Billwentoutinahurry.穿上衣服后，比尔匆匆出去了。3．作方式、伴随状语Shecameintothehouse,carryingalotofbooks.她捧着许多书走进了那座房子。Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,waitingfortheirnewEnglishteacher.所有的学生坐在教室里，等着他们的新英语老师。4．作结果状语Hedroppedtheglassontotheground,breakingitintopieces.他把玻璃杯掉在地上摔成了碎片。5．作条件状语Turningtotheright,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.向右拐，你会发现通往公园的小径。三、含有动词ing形式的简单句和由从属连词引导的状语从句之间的转化Turningaround(＝Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。Seeingnobodyathome(＝Becauseshesawnobodyathome),shedecidedtoleavethemanote.看到没人在家，她决定给他们留一张便条。Keepingtrying(＝Ifyoukeeptrying),you'llsucceedsoonerorlater.一直努力，你总有一天会成功的。注意：作结果、方式、伴随状语的分词短语，能改成并列谓语。Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.＝Theoldmandiedandleftnothingbutdebts.老人去世了，除了债务什么也没有留下。(表结果)Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.＝Shesatatthedeskandreadanewspaper.她坐在桌旁看报纸。(表伴随)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.＝Theycameintotheclassroomandsangandlaughed.他们唱着笑着来到了教室。(表方式)四、动词的ing的否定形式、一般式、完成式1．动词的ing的否定形式是在其前面加not。Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtohimforhelp.由于不知道该做些什么，她向他求助。2．动词的ing的一般式表示与句子的谓语动词同时发生，而完成式则表示先于句子的谓语动词发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbackashewent.他匆忙回家，边走边往后看。Havinglivedthereforyears,Iknowitverywell.由于在那儿住了多年，我对它很熟悉。[课堂·总结演练]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．________(walk)alongthevalley,wecameacrossalargecave.答案：Walking答案2．Iranoutofthehouse________(shout)．答案：shouting答案3．________(notrecognize)thevoice,herefusedtogivethepersonhisaddress.答案：Notrecognizing答案4．Thechildrenwentoutoftheschool________(talk)and________(laugh)．答案：talking;laughing答案5．Thefishcaneatamaninafewminutes,________(leave)onlythebones.答案：leaving答案Ⅱ句型转换1．AssoonasJanearrivedatthislaboratory,shegotdowntowork.→________________atthislaboratory,Janegotdowntowork.答案：Onarriving/Onherarrival答案2．Whilehewaswalkingalongtheriver,hesangasonginEnglish.→________________alongtheriver,hesangasonginEnglish.答案：Whilewalking答案3．Afterhefinishedreadingtheletter,hewentontowriteareply.→________________readingtheletter,hewentontowriteareply.→________________readingtheletter,hewentontowriteareply.答案：Afterfinishing;Havingfinished答案4．Thatcarwascaughtinatrafficjam;thusitcausedthedelay.→Thatcarwascaughtinatrafficjam,________________thedelay.答案：thuscausing答案5．Becausehedidn'tknowwhattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforadvice.→________________whattodo,hedecidedtoasktheteacherforadvice.答案：Notknowing答案6．Thoughheknewthetruth,heremainedsilenttostayoutoftrouble.→________________thetruth,heremainedsilenttostayoutoftrouble.答案：Thoughknowing答案7．Beingpoor,hewasquitegeneroustohisneedyfriends.→________________，hewasquitegeneroustohisneedyfriends.答案：Althoughhewaspoor答案8．Thethreeyounggirlsstoodunderthetree,andtheylaughedandtalkedmerrily.→Thethreeyounggirlsstoodunderthetree,________and________merrily.答案：laughing;talking答案演练通关提升[夯实·基础知识]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.答案：Havingeaten答案2．Thestarwalkedoutofthestage,________(wave)herhandselegantlytohercrazyfans.答案：waving答案3．Not________(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.答案：havingreceived答案4．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.答案：preparing答案5．MygoodfriendRosewenttothepartywithherhusband,________(expect)ahappyeveningofwine,foodandsong.答案：expecting答案6．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.答案：telling答案7．________(separate)formanyyears,thetwooldsistersstillrecognizedeachotheratonce.答案：Havingbeenseparated答案8．________(taste)good,thefoodwassoldoutsoon.答案：Tasting答案9．Tomgottothehospitalintimethatday,________(catch)thefirstbus.答案：havingcaught答案10．Allnightlonghelayawake,________(think)oftheproblem.答案：thinking答案Ⅱ单句改错1．Notknowwhattodo,LiMingaskedhisteacherforhelp.________________________________________答案：know→knowing答案2．Notknowheraddress,wecan'tgetintouchwithher._________________________