搜索
美文·欣赏课前自主预习课堂合作探究随堂即时巩固揭开蝙蝠自身免疫力奥秘或可抗击埃博拉Whenavirusinvadesyourcells,itkicksyourimmunemachineryintomotion.Thefirstrespondersaresignalingproteins,calledinterferons(干扰素)．Andtheytriggerdownstreamimmuneresponses.Soyoucankindofthinkofthemasthehormones(荷尔蒙)oftheimmunesystem.They'retriggeredandthentheystimulateabunchofotherimmuneresponsesthataremorespecifictothatpathogen(病原体)．MichelleBaker,acomparativeimmunologistattheAustralianAnimalHealthLaboratory.Inthespiritofcomparativeimmunology,Bakerandhercolleagueslookedathowanothermammal—theblackflyingfox,atypeofbat—handlesinfections.Theysequenceditsimmunitygenes,andobservedtheimmuneresponseinnormalbatcells.Andtheyfoundthat,unlikeus—thebatsalwayshaveinterferonsonpatrol.Meaningtheproteinsdonotwaittobeactivatedbyinvaders.AndtheresearcherssaythatthisconstantstateofhighalertmaybewhybatscancarryEbola,Nipahvirus,andawholelotofotherinfectionswithnosymptomsatall.ThefindingsappearintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Sowhynotswitchonthoseinterferonsinhumans?Wellinus,theyalsotendtocauselotsofinflammation(炎症)andcelldamage.Likethesymptomsyoufeelfromtheflu—alotofthatisyourimmunesystem'sfault.Butthekeymightbetodoasthebatsdo.Ifwecanjustskewtheresponseofourimmunesystemsoittriggersanantiviralresponsewithoutthepro-inflammatoryeffects,thenwemighthavesomethingwecanworkwithintermsofanoveltherapeutic(治疗剂)forhumans.Batshavelongbeenknowntoharbordisease.Soitwouldbefittingiftheyalsotaughtushowtofightit.SectionⅠIntroduction&VocabularyandReading课文预读释疑————————————[原文呈现]—————————————TheCatThatVanished①Willwasstupefied②withexhaustion③，andhemighthavegone④ontothenorth,orhemighthavelaid⑤hisheadonthegrassunderoneofthosetreesandslept;butashestoodtryingtoclear⑥hishead⑦，hesawacat.Shewasatabby⑧，likeMoxie.Shepadded⑨outofagardenontheOxfordsideoftheroad,whereWillwasstanding⑩.Willputdown⑪hisshoppingbagandheldout⑫hishand,andthecatcameupto⑬rub⑭herheadagainst⑮hisknuckles⑯，justasMoxiedid.Ofcourse,everycatbehaved⑰likethat,butallthesameWillfeltsuchalonging⑱toturnforhomethat⑲tearsscalded⑳hiseyes.①vanish/'vænIʃ/v.消失②stupefied/'stjuːpIˌfaId/adj.神志不清的，昏昏沉沉的③exhaustion/Iɡ'zɔːstʃən/n.疲惫，精疲力竭④mighthavedone表示对发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态的推测，意为“本来可以做……”。⑤layv．放置，搁(laid，laid，laying)⑥clearv．使……清晰/明了⑦tryingtoclearhishead作伴随状语。———————————[读文清障]————————————⑧tabby/'tæbi/n.斑猫⑨pad/pæd/v.(有规律地)悄悄行走⑩whereWillwasstanding是非限制性定语从句。⑪putdown放下⑫holdout伸出⑬comeupto朝……走过来⑭rub/rʌb/v.蹭，摩擦⑮against是介词，表示“靠着……”或“贴在……上”。⑯knuckle/'nʌkl/n.指节，掌指关节⑰behave/bI'heIv/v.表现，举动⑱longing/'lɒŋIŋ/n.渴望⑲such...that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。⑳scald/skɔːld/v.热泪盈眶消失的猫[第1～2段译文]威尔累得脑子都木了，他本可以继续向北走，也有可能在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去；但是，正当他站在那儿，尽力让头脑清醒些的时候，他看见了一只猫。那是一只母斑猫，就像(威尔家的)莫克西一样。它轻轻地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园，威尔正站在街边。他放下购物袋，伸出手，那只猫跑过来用头在他的指关节上磨蹭，正如莫克西所做的那样。当然，所有的猫都是那样的。尽管如此，威尔还是渴望回家，以至于他热泪盈眶。Eventuallythiscatturnedaway○21.Thiswasnight,andtherewasaterritorytopatrol○22，thereweremicetohunt.Shepaddedacrosstheroadandtowardsthebushes○23justbeyondthehornbeam○24trees,andthereshestopped.Will,stillwatching○25，sawthecatbehavecuriously.Shereachedoutapaw○26topat○27somethingintheairinfrontofher,somethingquiteinvisible○28toWill.Thensheleapt○29backwards○30，backarched○31andfuronend○32，tail○33heldoutstiffly○34.Willknewcatbehaviour.Hewatchedmorealertly○35asthecatapproached○36thespotagain,justanemptypatch○37ofgrassbetweenthehornbeamsandthebushesofagardenhedge○38，andpattedtheaironcemore.○21turnaway走开○22patrol/pə'trəʊl/v.巡逻，巡查○23bush/bʊʃ/n.灌木，矮树○24hornbeam/'hɔːnbiːm/n.角树，[植]鹅耳枥○25现在分词watching作伴随状语。○26paw/pɔː/n.爪子○27pat/pæt/v.轻拍，轻打○28invisible/In'vIzəbl/adj.看不见的○29leapv．跳，跳跃(leapt/leaped，leapt/leaped)○30backwardsadv.向后○31arch/ɑːtʃ/v.拱起，成弓形○32onend直立地；竖着○33tail/teIl/n.尾巴○34stiffly/'stIfli/adv.僵硬地，不灵活地○35alertly/ə'lɜːtli/adv.警觉地，警惕地○36approachvt.接近，靠近○37patch/pætʃ/n.(与周围部分不同的)小块，斑○38hedge/hedʒ/n.灌木(或小树)树篱[第3～5段译文]最终，这只猫转身跑开了。正值夜晚，它还要巡视自己的领地，捕捉老鼠。它轻轻地穿过马路，朝着角树林另一边的灌木丛走去，然后在那儿停了下来。威尔继续盯着它，看到猫行为怪异。它伸出爪子去拍它面前空气中的某种东西，某种威尔完全看不见的东西。然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。威尔了解猫的习性。他更加警觉地看着，只见那只猫再次靠近那个地方——角树与花园树篱的灌木丛之间的一块空草地，又拍打了一下那里的空气。Againsheleaptback,butlessfarandwithlessalarm○39thistime.Afteranotherfewsecondsofsniffing○40，touching,whiskertwitching○41，curiosity○42overcame○43wariness○44.Thecatsteppedforward,andvanished.Willblinked○45.Thenhestoodstill○46，closetothetrunkofthenearesttree,asatruckcameroundthecircleandsweptitslightsover○47him○48.Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad,keepinghiseyeson○49thespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating○50○51.Itwasn'teasy,becausetherewasnothingtofixon○52，butwhenhecametotheplaceandcastabout○53tolookclosely,hesawit.○39alarm/ə'lɑːm/n.惊慌，恐慌○40sniff/snIf/v.(以鼻)吸气，嗅，闻○41whisker/'wIskə/n.(猫的)胡须，触须twitch/twItʃ/v.抽动，颤动○42curiosityn．好奇心○43overcome/ˌəʊvə'kʌm/v.克服，战胜○44wariness/'weərInəs/n.谨慎，小心○45blink/blInk/v.眨眼睛○46stilladj.静止的○47sweepover向……扩展○48asatruck...是时间状语从句。○49keepone'seyeson注视，盯着看○50investigatev．审查，调查，打量○51wherethecat...是定语从句，修饰thespot。○52fixon注视，凝视○53castabout寻找，搜索，[第6～8段译文]它再次向后一跃，但这次跳得没有那么远，也没有那么害怕了。又是几秒钟的嗅来嗅去、爪子触碰、胡须抽动，终于好奇心战胜了警惕性。,那只猫向前一迈，然后就消失了。威尔眨了眨眼睛。然后他静静地站着，紧靠离他最近的一棵树干，这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来，车灯照到他的身上。卡车开过去后，他穿过马路，眼睛盯着那只猫一直